Occurrence, Seasonal Variation, and Health Risks of PM2.5-bound Liquid Crystal Monomers (LCMs) in Beijing, China

IF 12.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Journal of Hazardous Materials Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136960

Qianling Yang, Yuwen Deng, Lirong Gao, Qiaofeng Ai, Chi Xu, Minghui Zheng

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) are potentially persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic emerging pollutants. However, their occurrence in outdoor PM_2.5 and related human exposure risks remain unknown. In this study, 32 composite samples were analyzed, which were prepared from daily PM_2.5 samples collected throughout the year 2021−2022 in Beijing, China. In total, fifty-six of 78 LCMs were presented at a median concentration of 66.0 pg/m³ (range: 13.3 to 375.6 pg/m³), with fluorinated LCMs (FBAs) predominating and accounting for 90.7% of the total LCMs. This concentration surpasses that of halogenated persistent organic pollutants (e.g., polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans) in ambient PM_2.5. Higher concentrations of LCMs were found in spring and summer compared to autumn and winter, which could be explained by correlations of concentrations with temperature (p < 0.05). Trans,trans-3,4-Difluoro-4'-(4'-pentylbicyclohexyl-4-yl)biphenyl, trans,trans-3,4-Difluoro-4'-(4'-propylbicyclohexyl-4-yl)biphenyl, and trans,trans-3,4,5-Trifluoro-4'-(4'-propylbicyclohexyl-4-yl)biphenyl were identified for the first time as dominant compounds in ambient samples. Based on predicted biological toxicities, 48 LCMs were categorized as high priority due to their high potential for human absorption, including several compounds previously overlooked. The non-carcinogenic risks of LCMs through inhalation and dermal were negligible for children and adults. This study firstly established a priority list of LCMs in PM_2.5, highlighting the need for heightened awareness of their health risks.

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来源期刊

Journal of Hazardous Materials 工程技术-工程：环境

CiteScore

25.40

自引率

5.90%

发文量

3059

审稿时长

58 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Hazardous Materials serves as a global platform for promoting cutting-edge research in the field of Environmental Science and Engineering. Our publication features a wide range of articles, including full-length research papers, review articles, and perspectives, with the aim of enhancing our understanding of the dangers and risks associated with various materials concerning public health and the environment. It is important to note that the term "environmental contaminants" refers specifically to substances that pose hazardous effects through contamination, while excluding those that do not have such impacts on the environment or human health. Moreover, we emphasize the distinction between wastes and hazardous materials in order to provide further clarity on the scope of the journal. We have a keen interest in exploring specific compounds and microbial agents that have adverse effects on the environment.