Effects of oxidation-induced aggregation structure transformation of aramid fiber on interfacial adhesion of epoxy resin

Abstract

The large-scale pretreatment and efficient surface activation of aramid fibers (AFs) before composite fabrication remains a major challenge. In this study, we developed a heat treatment–induced surface modification method to change the reactive groups on AFs. Results indicated that the O/C ratio and the number of ester groups on the AFs as well as the surface morphology of the AFs could be flexibly controlled using the heat treatment–induced surface modification method. Furthermore, the surface oxidation mechanism of the AFs changed from point oxidation to surface oxidation during heat treatment. As the heat-treatment time increased, the crystallinity and tensile strength of the AF monofilament considerably increased. An optimal heat-treatment time of 30 min was provided considering that long-time heating (>30 min) would destroy the surface molecular chains. Under this optimal heat-treatment time, the number of ester groups reached the maximum, which enhanced the reactivity of the AFs in the epoxy resin matrix. The interfacial shear strength between the AFs treated for 30 min and epoxy resin microdroplet increased by 12.64%, reaching as high as 18.17 MPa. Moreover, the contact angle between the AF monofilament and epoxy resin droplet reached a minimum value of 54.7°. Furthermore, the thickness of the interfacial bond layer between the AFs and epoxy resin reached 50–60 nm. These results provide effective theoretical guidance for the large-scale application of AFs in composite materials.