Reduced Representation and Whole-Genome Sequencing Approaches Highlight Beluga Whale Populations Associated to Eastern Canada Summer Aggregations

IF 3.5 2区 生物学 Q1 EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
Luca Montana, Trevor T. Bringloe, Audrey Bourret, Caroline Sauvé, Arnaud Mosnier, Steven H. Ferguson, Lianne Postma, Véronique Lesage, Cortney A. Watt, Mike O. Hammill, Geneviève J. Parent
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Effective conservation strategies inherently depend on preserving populations, which in turn requires accurate tools for their detection. Beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) inhabit the circumpolar Arctic and form discrete summer aggregations. Previous genetic studies using mitochondrial and microsatellite loci have delineated distinct populations associated to summer aggregations but the extent of dispersal and interbreeding among these populations remains largely unknown. Such information is essential for the conservation of populations in Canada as some are endangered and harvested for subsistence by Inuit communities. Here, we used reduced representation and whole-genome sequencing approaches to characterize population structure of beluga whales in eastern Canada and examine admixture between populations. A total of 905 beluga whales sampled between 1989 and 2021 were genotyped. Six main genomic clusters, with potential subclusters, were identified using multiple proxies for population structure. Most of the six main genomic clusters were consistent with previously identified populations, except in southeast Hudson Bay where two clusters were identified. Beluga summer aggregations may consequently be comprised of more than one distinct population. A low number of dispersers were identified between summer aggregations and limited interbreeding was detected between the six genomic clusters. Our work highlights the value of genomic approaches to improve our understanding of population structure and reproductive behavior in beluga whales, offering insights applicable to other cetacean species of conservation concern. An expansion of the geographical scope and increase in number of genotyped individuals will, however, be needed to improve the characterization of the finer scale structure and of the extent of admixture between populations.

Abstract Image

有效的保护战略本质上取决于对种群的保护,而这反过来又需要精确的检测工具。白鲸(Delphinapterus leucas)栖息在环北极地区,形成离散的夏季聚集。之前利用线粒体和微卫星位点进行的遗传研究已经划分出了与夏季聚集相关的不同种群,但这些种群之间的扩散和杂交程度在很大程度上仍不为人所知。这些信息对加拿大的种群保护至关重要,因为有些种群已经濒临灭绝,而且因纽特人还以这些种群为生。在本文中,我们使用了还原代表性和全基因组测序方法来描述加拿大东部白鲸种群结构的特征,并研究种群之间的混杂情况。我们对 1989 年至 2021 年间采样的 905 头白鲸进行了基因分型。利用种群结构的多种代用指标,确定了六个主要基因组群,以及潜在的子群。六个主要基因组集群中的大多数与之前确定的种群一致,只有哈德逊湾东南部的两个集群除外。因此,白鲸夏季聚集地可能由一个以上的不同种群组成。在夏季聚集地之间发现的扩散者数量较少,在六个基因组集群之间也发现了有限的杂交。我们的工作凸显了基因组学方法在提高我们对白鲸种群结构和繁殖行为的认识方面的价值,并为其他受保护的鲸类物种提供了启示。不过,为了更好地描述更精细的种群结构和种群之间的混合程度,还需要扩大地理范围和增加基因分型个体的数量。
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来源期刊
Evolutionary Applications
Evolutionary Applications 生物-进化生物学
CiteScore
8.50
自引率
7.30%
发文量
175
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: Evolutionary Applications is a fully peer reviewed open access journal. It publishes papers that utilize concepts from evolutionary biology to address biological questions of health, social and economic relevance. Papers are expected to employ evolutionary concepts or methods to make contributions to areas such as (but not limited to): medicine, agriculture, forestry, exploitation and management (fisheries and wildlife), aquaculture, conservation biology, environmental sciences (including climate change and invasion biology), microbiology, and toxicology. All taxonomic groups are covered from microbes, fungi, plants and animals. In order to better serve the community, we also now strongly encourage submissions of papers making use of modern molecular and genetic methods (population and functional genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenetics, quantitative genetics, association and linkage mapping) to address important questions in any of these disciplines and in an applied evolutionary framework. Theoretical, empirical, synthesis or perspective papers are welcome.
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