Herglotz's representation and Carathéodory's approximation

Abstract

Herglotz's representation of holomorphic functions with positive real part and Carathéodory's theorem on approximation by inner functions are two well-known classical results in the theory of holomorphic functions on the unit disc. We show that they are equivalent. On a multi-connected domain $\Omega$, a version of Heglotz's representation is known. Carathéodory's approximation was not known. We formulate and prove it and then show that it is equivalent to the known form of Herglotz's representation. Additionally, it also enables us to prove a new Heglotz's representation in the style of Korányi and Pukánszky. Of particular interest is the fact that the scaling technique of the disc is replaced by Carathéodory's approximation theorem while proving this new form of Herglotz's representation. Carathéodory's approximation theorem is also proved for operator-valued functions on a multi-connected domain.