New Sub-grid Model for Convective Mixing in Field-Scale \({\textrm{CO}}_2\) Storage Simulation

IF 2.7 3区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Transport in Porous Media Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI:10.1007/s11242-024-02141-5

Trine S. Mykkeltvedt, Tor Harald Sandve, Sarah E. Gasda

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Solubility trapping involves dissolution of supercritical carbon dioxide (CO\(_\text {2}\)) into the resident brine and is considered an important trapping mechanism for any Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) project. Previous experimental and numerical studies indicate that density-driven convective mixing can greatly enhance solubility trapping, and is thus a key mechanism to capture when assessing the capacity of industry-scale CCS projects. However, convective mixing is a centimeter-scale phenomenon that is computationally challenging to resolve in standard reservoir simulation that uses coarse grid blocks. Therefore, the goal of this work is to incorporate convective mixing as a sub-grid effect within the traditional formulation of slightly miscible two-phase flow. We do this by adapting the classical model applied in individual grid cells to account for the transient behavior of the underlying convection and the downward transport of dissolved CO\(_\text {2}\)through the cell. The new sub-grid model for convective mixing is a mechanistic formulation based on observations from high-resolution simulations. The model employs a set of non-dimensional parameters, calibrated against 2D simulations that allow it to be applied generally to any reservoir properties. We show that the calibrated sub-grid model is easily implemented in a 3D reservoir simulator and benchmark it against a fully resolved field-scale simulation of CO\(_\text {2}\)injection in a sloping aquifer. The sub-grid model shows a marked improvement in computing the total amount of CO\(_\text {2}\)dissolved over time compared with the classical model for the tested cases. The new implementation is further applied to the openly available model for the Smeaheia storage site in the Norwegian North Sea, to demonstrate the utility of the new model to improve estimates of CO\(_\text {2}\)dissolution and explore parameter sensitivities for realistic storage projects.

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场尺度对流混合的新子网格模型\({\textrm{CO}}_2\)存储模拟

溶解度捕获涉及将超临界二氧化碳（CO \(_\text {2}\)）溶解到驻留盐水中，被认为是任何碳捕集与封存（CCS）项目的重要捕获机制。以往的实验和数值研究表明，密度驱动的对流混合可以大大增强溶解度捕获，因此是评估工业规模CCS项目能力的关键捕获机制。然而，对流混合是一种厘米尺度的现象，在使用粗网格块的标准油藏模拟中，很难在计算上解决。因此，这项工作的目标是将对流混合作为一种亚网格效应纳入传统的微混相两相流公式中。为了做到这一点，我们采用了应用于单个网格单元的经典模型，以解释底层对流的瞬态行为和溶解CO \(_\text {2}\)通过网格的向下输送。新的对流混合子网格模型是基于高分辨率模拟观测的机制公式。该模型采用了一组无量纲参数，根据2D模拟进行校准，使其能够广泛应用于任何储层性质。我们表明，校准的子网格模型很容易在3D油藏模拟器中实现，并将其与倾斜含水层中CO \(_\text {2}\)注入的全分辨率现场模拟进行基准测试。对于测试用例，与经典模型相比，子网格模型在计算CO \(_\text {2}\)随时间溶解总量方面有显著改进。新的实现进一步应用于挪威北海Smeaheia储存场地的公开可用模型，以证明新模型在改进CO \(_\text {2}\)溶解估计和探索实际储存项目参数敏感性方面的实用性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Transport in Porous Media 工程技术-工程：化工

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

7.40%

发文量

155

审稿时长

4.2 months

期刊介绍： -Publishes original research on physical, chemical, and biological aspects of transport in porous media- Papers on porous media research may originate in various areas of physics, chemistry, biology, natural or materials science, and engineering (chemical, civil, agricultural, petroleum, environmental, electrical, and mechanical engineering)- Emphasizes theory, (numerical) modelling, laboratory work, and non-routine applications- Publishes work of a fundamental nature, of interest to a wide readership, that provides novel insight into porous media processes- Expanded in 2007 from 12 to 15 issues per year. Transport in Porous Media publishes original research on physical and chemical aspects of transport phenomena in rigid and deformable porous media. These phenomena, occurring in single and multiphase flow in porous domains, can be governed by extensive quantities such as mass of a fluid phase, mass of component of a phase, momentum, or energy. Moreover, porous medium deformations can be induced by the transport phenomena, by chemical and electro-chemical activities such as swelling, or by external loading through forces and displacements. These porous media phenomena may be studied by researchers from various areas of physics, chemistry, biology, natural or materials science, and engineering (chemical, civil, agricultural, petroleum, environmental, electrical, and mechanical engineering).