Importance of Quality of Groundwater Resources in Transboundary River with Emphasis on Hydro-geochemical Properties, Case study: Aras Transboundary River (Northern Iran)

IF 3.8 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Pub Date : 2024-12-21 DOI:10.1007/s11270-024-07674-5

Farhad Ghayurdoost, Nasim Zolfaghari Firouzsalari, Sara Nikmaram, Neda Gilani, Mojtaba Damadipour, Alper Baba, Mohammad Mosaferi

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The urban periphery and the villages around the river Aras are one of the most important agricultural areas in Iran. Against this background, the present study investigated the hydrochemistry of groundwater along the Aras River in Iran to assess the suitability of groundwater quality for agricultural irrigation. Water samples were taken from 34 groundwater sources in 2021 and 2022. The suitability of groundwater for irrigation was assessed using the sodium absorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), magnesium absorption ratio (MAR), Kelly ratio (KR) and Wilcox classification. The Langelier Saturation Index (LSI) and the Ryznar Stability Index (RSI) were used to predict the corrosion and deposition behavior of the groundwater. The optical emission spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma was used to detect the heavy metals. Monte Carlo simulation was used to assess the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of these waters when used as drinking water. The average concentration of major ions follows for cations Na⁺˃ Ca²⁺˃ Mg²⁺˃ K⁺ and anions in both groups SO₄²⁻ > HCO₃⁻ > Cl⁻. The corrosion in all samples was found to have a low to considerable corrosion potential. The concentrations of the tested metals were within the range recommended by the WHO in most samples. In summary, it can be said that most of the groundwater sources in the area studied are appropriate for irrigation purposes. However, to reduce the risks associated with drinking, it is advisable to monitor water quality by locating sources of pollution and limiting the input of contaminants.

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来源期刊

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

6.90%

发文量

448

审稿时长

2.6 months

期刊介绍： Water, Air, & Soil Pollution is an international, interdisciplinary journal on all aspects of pollution and solutions to pollution in the biosphere. This includes chemical, physical and biological processes affecting flora, fauna, water, air and soil in relation to environmental pollution. Because of its scope, the subject areas are diverse and include all aspects of pollution sources, transport, deposition, accumulation, acid precipitation, atmospheric pollution, metals, aquatic pollution including marine pollution and ground water, waste water, pesticides, soil pollution, sewage, sediment pollution, forestry pollution, effects of pollutants on humans, vegetation, fish, aquatic species, micro-organisms, and animals, environmental and molecular toxicology applied to pollution research, biosensors, global and climate change, ecological implications of pollution and pollution models. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution also publishes manuscripts on novel methods used in the study of environmental pollutants, environmental toxicology, environmental biology, novel environmental engineering related to pollution, biodiversity as influenced by pollution, novel environmental biotechnology as applied to pollution (e.g. bioremediation), environmental modelling and biorestoration of polluted environments. Articles should not be submitted that are of local interest only and do not advance international knowledge in environmental pollution and solutions to pollution. Articles that simply replicate known knowledge or techniques while researching a local pollution problem will normally be rejected without review. Submitted articles must have up-to-date references, employ the correct experimental replication and statistical analysis, where needed and contain a significant contribution to new knowledge. The publishing and editorial team sincerely appreciate your cooperation. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution publishes research papers; review articles; mini-reviews; and book reviews.