Synthesis and Characterization of PS/PVP Polymer Blend Composites with Different Nanofillers for Production of Green Hydrogen

IF 2.2 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Journal of Electronic Materials Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI:10.1007/s11664-024-11563-2

Vaishali Suthar, Harsh D. Patel, Anwesh Patel, Naveen K. Acharya, C. N. Murthy

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Abstract

This paper reports a study of composite blends of polysulfone (PS) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) that were prepared in different wt% composition using carbon nanotubes (CNT), milled carbon fibers (MCF), graphene oxide (GO), and chopped carbon fibers (CCF) as nanofillers. The permeability measurements of the composites showed that the PS/PVP blends with different nanofillers demonstrated higher permeability for hydrogen gas than that of the pristine polymers, either singly or the polymer blend. The gases used for the permeation measurements were H₂, CO₂, N₂, O₂, and CH₄. Selectivity was calculated for H₂/CO₂, H₂/N₂, and H₂/CH₄ gas pairs. The results of the selectivity were plotted to show Robeson's 2008 upper bound and compared with reported data. The permeability of all gases increased for modified composite polymer membranes. We noted that O₂ gas solubility follows a trend similar to other gases, but gives a higher value than H₂ gas. The selectivity measurements showed that the MCF and CCF composite with the PS/PVP blend membranes demonstrated the highest selectivity for hydrogen gas among all different gas pairs. This indicates that PS/PVP composite membranes with MCF and CCF can be used for hydrogen purification and production of green hydrogen. There is a trade-off between permeability and selectivity parameters; GO and CNT nanofillers showed constant selectivity as permeability increased, which can be explained by the nanogap theory. The structural and morphological properties of these prepared composite membranes were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), thermal properties by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and mechanical properties using a universal testing machine (UTM) for tensile strength, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was carried out to identify the possible bond between polymers and nanofillers of the blend composite membranes. Blends modified with CNT, MCF, and GO exhibited increased viscosity, with an increase in the ∆b value at increasing concentrations, suggesting a favorable interaction between the phases. The water flux studies indicated that the highest pure water flux was obtained by the PS + PVP + CCF membrane. The highest rejection of Na₂SO₄ and of MgSO₄ was for the PS + PVP + CNT membrane.

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本文报告了以碳纳米管 (CNT)、研磨碳纤维 (MCF)、氧化石墨烯 (GO) 和切碎碳纤维 (CCF) 为纳米填料制备的不同重量百分比的聚砜 (PS) 和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮 (PVP) 复合混合物的研究。复合材料的渗透性测量结果表明，含有不同纳米填料的 PS/PVP 共混物对氢气的渗透性高于原始聚合物（无论是单一聚合物还是聚合物共混物）。用于测量渗透性的气体有 H2、CO2、N2、O2 和 CH4。计算了 H2/CO2、H2/N2 和 H2/CH4 气体对的选择性。选择性结果绘制成图，以显示罗伯逊 2008 年的上限，并与报告数据进行比较。改性复合聚合物膜对所有气体的渗透性都有所增加。我们注意到，O2 气体溶解度的变化趋势与其他气体相似，但数值高于 H2 气体。选择性测量结果表明，在所有不同气体对中，MCF 和 CCF 复合膜与 PS/PVP 混合膜对氢气的选择性最高。这表明，含有 MCF 和 CCF 的 PS/PVP 复合膜可用于氢气提纯和生产绿色氢气。渗透性和选择性参数之间存在权衡；随着渗透性的增加，GO 和 CNT 纳米填料显示出恒定的选择性，这可以用纳米间隙理论来解释。利用场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）对这些制备的复合膜的结构和形态特性进行了表征，利用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）对其热特性进行了表征，利用万能试验机（UTM）对其拉伸强度进行了机械特性表征，并利用傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）对混合复合膜的聚合物和纳米填料之间可能存在的结合进行了鉴定。用 CNT、MCF 和 GO 改性的混合物粘度增加，浓度越高，∆b 值越大，这表明各相之间存在有利的相互作用。水通量研究表明，PS + PVP + CCF 膜获得的纯水通量最高。PS + PVP + CNT 膜对 Na2SO4 和 MgSO4 的排斥率最高。

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来源期刊

Journal of Electronic Materials 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

4.10

自引率

4.80%

发文量

693

审稿时长

3.8 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Electronic Materials (JEM) reports monthly on the science and technology of electronic materials, while examining new applications for semiconductors, magnetic alloys, dielectrics, nanoscale materials, and photonic materials. The journal welcomes articles on methods for preparing and evaluating the chemical, physical, electronic, and optical properties of these materials. Specific areas of interest are materials for state-of-the-art transistors, nanotechnology, electronic packaging, detectors, emitters, metallization, superconductivity, and energy applications. Review papers on current topics enable individuals in the field of electronics to keep abreast of activities in areas peripheral to their own. JEM also selects papers from conferences such as the Electronic Materials Conference, the U.S. Workshop on the Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials, and the International Conference on Thermoelectrics. It benefits both specialists and non-specialists in the electronic materials field. A journal of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society.