Design of Planar and Curved Spiral Antennas Covered by 2-D Conformal Thermal Protection System

IF 4.6 1区计算机科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI:10.1109/TAP.2024.3473023

Haoqing Wen;Qi Wu

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Abstract

The conformal thermal protection system (TPS) is widely used to protect embedded antennas of hypersonic vehicles in high-temperature environments. An equivalent analytical equation for the radiation performance of a general circularly polarized (CP) antenna loaded with the conformal TPS is presented. Compared with planar TPS, conformal TPS leads to more complicated impacts on the antenna’s radiation performance, mainly manifested by main lobe splitting, gain reduction, and axial ratio (AR) deterioration. The extent of this effect is related to the curvature radius of the conformal TPS. A method to design a nonuniform impedance ground (IG) replacing the PEC ground to repair the degradation of the radiation performance by the conformal TPS is proposed. A broadband Archimedean spiral antenna loaded with a conformal TPS and a nonuniform IG is fabricated and measured to verify the proposed theoretical method. According to the simulation and measurement results, the antenna has an AR of less than 3 dB from 3 to 12 GHz and an AR beamwidth of 60° on average by loading the nonuniform IG. The main lobe splitting at 4 GHz is repaired, and the gain is improved by ~2.5 dB. A fully conformal model is proposed and fabricated with a conformal Archimedean spiral antenna and a conformal IG, which significantly reduces the antenna profile while using an asymmetric Archimedean spiral antenna resulting in a gain improvement of ~1 dB from 10 to 12 GHz.

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保形热保护系统（TPS）被广泛用于保护高温环境下高超音速飞行器的嵌入式天线。本文提出了装载保形热保护系统的一般圆极化（CP）天线辐射性能的等效分析方程。与平面 TPS 相比，共形 TPS 对天线辐射性能的影响更为复杂，主要表现为主波瓣分裂、增益降低和轴向比（AR）恶化。这种影响的程度与共形 TPS 的曲率半径有关。本文提出了一种设计非均匀阻抗接地（IG）来替代 PEC 接地的方法，以修复保角 TPS 造成的辐射性能下降。为了验证所提出的理论方法，我们制作并测量了装有共形 TPS 和非均匀 IG 的宽带阿基米德螺旋天线。根据仿真和测量结果，通过加载非均匀中空玻璃，天线在 3 至 12 GHz 的 AR 值小于 3 dB，AR 波束宽度平均为 60°。4 GHz 的主叶分裂得到修复，增益提高了 ~2.5 dB。我们提出了一种全保形模型，并利用保形阿基米德螺旋天线和保形中波天线进行了制造，在使用非对称阿基米德螺旋天线的同时显著减小了天线轮廓，使 10 至 12 GHz 的增益提高了 ~1 dB。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 工程技术-电信学

CiteScore

10.40

自引率

28.10%

发文量

968

审稿时长

4.7 months

期刊介绍： IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation includes theoretical and experimental advances in antennas, including design and development, and in the propagation of electromagnetic waves, including scattering, diffraction, and interaction with continuous media; and applications pertaining to antennas and propagation, such as remote sensing, applied optics, and millimeter and submillimeter wave techniques