Enabling Optoelectronics in Harsh Environments: Laser-Printed Perovskite Films with Exceptional Stability Under Extreme Radiation, Thermal Stress, and Humidity

Abstract

Perovskite optoelectronics are regarded as a disruptive technology, but their susceptibility to environmental degradation and reliance on toxic solvents in traditional processing methods pose significant challenges to their practical implementation. Herein, methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI₃) perovskite films processed via a solvent-free laser printing technique, that exhibit exceptional stability, are reported. These films withstand extreme conditions, including high doses of X-ray radiation exceeding 200 Gy, blue laser illumination, 90% relative humidity, and thermal stress up to 80 °C for over 300 min in air. We demonstrate that laser-printed films maintain their structural integrity and optoelectronic properties even after prolonged exposure to these stressors, significantly surpassing the stability of conventionally processed films. The enhanced stability is attributed to the unique film formation mechanism and resulting defect-tolerant microstructure. These results underscore the potential of laser printing as a scalable, safe, and sustainable manufacturing route for producing stable perovskite-based devices with potential applications in diverse fields, ranging from renewable energy to large-area electronics and space exploration.