Sulphanilamide degradation by undoped and copper doped ZnO, and ferromagnetic properties of fresh, aged, and heat-treated aged ZnO.

IF 3.4 3区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Heliyon Pub Date : 2024-11-30 eCollection Date: 2024-12-15 DOI:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40833

Daphne Mary John, Sreerag Kaaliveetil, Yadhu J Nair, S Sruthy, P Lasya, Ramanujam Brahmadesam Thoopul Srinivasa Raghava, G Sivasubramanian, K M Sreedhar, K M Sreekanth

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Abstract

This work looks into how well Cu-doped zinc oxide works as a photocatalyst when exposed to visible light to break down sulphanilamide. The synthesized samples were characterized by XRD and then FTIR techniques for structural besides compositional analysis. The approximate value of bandgap found out by NBE values of PL spectra showed a decrease in bandgap with doping. Deconvoluted PL spectra revealed the presence of radiative recombination pathways associated with zinc interstitial and zinc vacancy in addition to band-to-band recombination in all samples. FESEM images showed a nanoflake shape for pure ZnO, while Cu-ZnO had a pseudo-spherical shape. SQUID-VSM was adopted to understand the magnetic nature of freshly prepared, heated, and unheated aged samples. Ferromagnetic behavior was observed with saturation magnetization of 5.56 × 10^-4, 2.88 × 10^-4, and 2.78 × 10^-4 emu/g for freshly prepared, heated, and unheated aged samples, respectively. A 2 % Cu-doped sample exhibited the highest efficiency of 92.3 % towards the degradation of sulphanilamide. Since we got better efficiency for 2 % Cu-ZnO, we should further decrease the doping percentage and check whether we will get even higher efficiency in the future. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of ternary ZnO compounds, codoped ZnO, should be evaluated, yet another future scope.

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未掺杂和铜掺杂氧化锌对磺胺的降解，以及新鲜、老化和热处理后氧化锌的铁磁性能。

这项工作研究了当暴露在可见光下时，铜掺杂氧化锌作为光催化剂分解磺胺的效果。采用XRD和FTIR技术对合成的样品进行了结构表征和成分分析。通过PL光谱的NBE值得到的带隙近似值表明，掺杂后带隙减小。反卷积PL光谱显示，除了带对带复合外，所有样品中还存在与锌间隙和锌空位相关的辐射复合途径。FESEM图像显示纯ZnO为纳米片状，Cu-ZnO为伪球形。采用SQUID-VSM分析新鲜制备、加热和未加热陈化样品的磁性。在饱和磁化强度分别为5.56 × 10-4、2.88 × 10-4和2.78 × 10-4 emu/g的条件下，对新鲜制备、加热和未加热的陈化样品进行了铁磁行为观察。掺铜2%的样品对磺胺的降解效率最高，达到92.3%。由于我们在2% Cu-ZnO中获得了更好的效率，我们应该进一步降低掺杂百分比，并检查我们是否会在未来获得更高的效率。光催化降解三元氧化锌化合物，共掺杂氧化锌的效率，应进行评估，这是另一个未来的领域。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Heliyon MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES-

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

2.50%

发文量

2793

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