The impact of cognitive reserve relative to risk of Alzheimer's disease and rate of progression: an up-to-date review of the literature.

IF 3.4 2区医学 Q2 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-27 DOI:10.1080/14737175.2024.2445015

Jordan Beveridge, Poorva Sheth, Shaan Thakkar, Bret Silverglate, George Grossberg

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction: Cognitive reserve (CR) is a crucial factor in explaining individual differences in the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognitive decline. CR refers to the brain's ability to cope with pathology through compensatory mechanisms. This review examines the various methods used to measure, predict, and influence CR.

Areas covered: Based on a search of PubMed, PubMed Central, EMBASE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library (up to 1 June 2024), this review addresses key CR proxies, highlighting their strengths and limitations. The review also explores established and emerging interventions. We critically evaluate the statistical methods used to measure CR and assess its practical application.

Expert opinion: CR plays a crucial role in delaying the onset and progression of AD. Lifestyle choices and experiences build CR and impact cognitive aging. However, practical challenges remain in applying CR in clinical settings, particularly in individuals with advanced cognitive decline. Education, while commonly used as a proxy for CR, may not fully capture its complexity. Alternatives like occupational complexity could offer more practical measures, but their application is still evolving. Addressing these limitations is key to advancing dementia prevention strategies.

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认知储备对阿尔茨海默病风险和进展速度的影响：最新文献综述。

认知储备（Cognitive reserve， CR）是解释阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer's disease， AD）和认知衰退风险个体差异的关键因素。CR指的是大脑通过代偿机制应对病理的能力。本综述考察了用于测量、预测和影响CR的各种方法。涵盖领域：基于PubMed、PubMed Central、EMBASE、Scopus和Cochrane Library（截至2024年6月1日）的检索，本综述指出了关键的CR代理，突出了它们的优势和局限性。本综述还探讨了现有的和正在出现的干预措施。我们批判性地评估用于测量CR的统计方法，并评估其实际应用。专家意见：CR对延缓AD的发病和进展起着至关重要的作用。生活方式的选择和经历会形成CR并影响认知老化。然而，在临床环境中应用CR仍然存在实际挑战，特别是在患有晚期认知能力下降的个体中。教育虽然通常被用作企业社会责任的代表，但可能无法完全反映其复杂性。像职业复杂性这样的替代方案可以提供更实际的措施，但它们的应用仍在不断发展。解决这些限制是推进痴呆症预防战略的关键。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics Medicine-Neurology (clinical)

CiteScore

7.00

自引率

2.30%

发文量

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics (ISSN 1473-7175) provides expert reviews on the use of drugs and medicines in clinical neurology and neuropsychiatry. Coverage includes disease management, new medicines and drugs in neurology, therapeutic indications, diagnostics, medical treatment guidelines and neurological diseases such as stroke, epilepsy, Alzheimer''s and Parkinson''s. Comprehensive coverage in each review is complemented by the unique Expert Review format and includes the following sections: Expert Opinion - a personal view of the data presented in the article, a discussion on the developments that are likely to be important in the future, and the avenues of research likely to become exciting as further studies yield more detailed results Article Highlights – an executive summary of the author’s most critical points