High Time Resolution Ambient Observations of Gas-Phase Perfluoroalkyl Carboxylic Acids: Implications for Atmospheric Sources

IF 8.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ. Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI:10.1021/acs.estlett.4c0089710.1021/acs.estlett.4c00897

Cora J. Young*, Shira Joudan, Ye Tao, Jeremy J. B. Wentzell and John Liggio*,

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Abstract

Atmospheric formation of persistent perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) is a route to global contamination, including drinking water sources. We present high time resolution measurements of C₂–C₆ PFCAs in ambient air made over 6 weeks each in winter and summer 2022 in Toronto, Canada. Observations were made using chemical ionization mass spectrometry with acetate ionization, with care taken to avoid system contamination. Measurements of trifluoroacetic acid (C₂ PFCA) are reported at 1 min time resolution, while those for C₃–C₆ PFCAs are at 10 min time resolution. Variations with time and relationships to meteorology and other pollutants show evidence of secondary formation of all observed PFCAs except perfluoropropionic acid (C₃ PFCA). High time resolution data allow these unique observations, allowing for improved process and source understanding moving forward. Mixing ratios of TFA were larger than predicted from models that describe TFA formation from known precursors, indicating additional atmospheric sources of this molecule have yet to be identified.

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来源期刊

Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ. ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL SC-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

CiteScore

17.90

自引率

3.70%

发文量

163

期刊介绍： Environmental Science & Technology Letters serves as an international forum for brief communications on experimental or theoretical results of exceptional timeliness in all aspects of environmental science, both pure and applied. Published as soon as accepted, these communications are summarized in monthly issues. Additionally, the journal features short reviews on emerging topics in environmental science and technology.