High Time Resolution Ambient Observations of Gas-Phase Perfluoroalkyl Carboxylic Acids: Implications for Atmospheric Sources

IF 8.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ. Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI:10.1021/acs.estlett.4c0089710.1021/acs.estlett.4c00897

Cora J. Young*, Shira Joudan, Ye Tao, Jeremy J. B. Wentzell and John Liggio*,

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Abstract

Atmospheric formation of persistent perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) is a route to global contamination, including drinking water sources. We present high time resolution measurements of C₂–C₆ PFCAs in ambient air made over 6 weeks each in winter and summer 2022 in Toronto, Canada. Observations were made using chemical ionization mass spectrometry with acetate ionization, with care taken to avoid system contamination. Measurements of trifluoroacetic acid (C₂ PFCA) are reported at 1 min time resolution, while those for C₃–C₆ PFCAs are at 10 min time resolution. Variations with time and relationships to meteorology and other pollutants show evidence of secondary formation of all observed PFCAs except perfluoropropionic acid (C₃ PFCA). High time resolution data allow these unique observations, allowing for improved process and source understanding moving forward. Mixing ratios of TFA were larger than predicted from models that describe TFA formation from known precursors, indicating additional atmospheric sources of this molecule have yet to be identified.

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气相全氟烷基羧酸的高时间分辨率环境观测：对大气源的影响

在大气中形成持久性全氟烷基羧酸（PFCAs）是造成全球污染的一个途径，包括饮用水水源。我们介绍了2022年冬季和夏季在加拿大多伦多进行的环境空气中C2-C6 PFCAs的高时间分辨率测量，每个测量时间超过6周。使用化学电离质谱法与醋酸离子进行观察，注意避免系统污染。三氟乙酸（C2 PFCA）的测量报告为1分钟时间分辨率，而C3-C6 PFCA的测量报告为10分钟时间分辨率。随时间的变化以及与气象和其他污染物的关系表明，除全氟丙酸（C3 PFCA）外，所有观察到的PFCA都是次生形成的证据。高时间分辨率数据允许这些独特的观测，允许改进的过程和源理解向前发展。TFA的混合比例比描述已知前体TFA形成的模型预测的要大，这表明该分子的其他大气来源尚未确定。

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来源期刊

Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ. ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL SC-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

CiteScore

17.90

自引率

3.70%

发文量

163

期刊介绍： Environmental Science & Technology Letters serves as an international forum for brief communications on experimental or theoretical results of exceptional timeliness in all aspects of environmental science, both pure and applied. Published as soon as accepted, these communications are summarized in monthly issues. Additionally, the journal features short reviews on emerging topics in environmental science and technology.