The Role of Gas Hydrates in Storing Natural Gas-Hydrogen Blends for Coupling Power-to-X and Decarbonization

Abstract

Power-to-X (PtX) will play a pivotal role in decarbonizing gas-based industries by enabling the conversion of renewable electricity into various forms of energy carriers such as hydrogen and synthetic fuels. By integrating gas hydrates as a storage medium, PtX can effectively link renewable energy sources with the gas-based industry, facilitating a smoother transition toward a low-carbon economy. Hydrogen (H₂) storage is a pressing issue due to its low density and the high costs of compression and liquefaction. This study explores the potential of gas hydrate technology for large-scale H₂ storage, particularly in blends with natural gas (H₂–NG). The research delves into the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of H₂–NG hydrates, demonstrating that gas hydrates could offer a viable alternative to traditional storage methods. Experimental and simulation studies indicate that the inclusion of gaseous promoters like methane (CH₄) and propane (C₃H₈) can enhance the H₂ storage capacity within hydrates. The study outlines the formation conditions and stability of various hydrate structures, emphasizing the role of promoters in facilitating H₂ enclathration. Importantly, the study highlights the practical and feasible pathway for the energy transition by integrating H₂ storage into the natural gas infrastructure. The economic analysis underscores the cost-effectiveness of hydrate-based storage compared to conventional methods, considering factors such as energy efficiency and capital expenditure. This study proposes a detailed process for forming, storing, and transporting H₂–NG hydrate pellets, highlighting the potential for integrating this method into existing natural gas infrastructures. The findings suggest that, with further optimization, gas hydrate technology could play a crucial role in the H₂ economy, offering an efficient and sustainable solution for H₂ storage, thus supporting global efforts toward carbon neutrality and clean energy adoption.