Sancler C. Vasconcelos, Vinicius Rossa, Daniel G. S. Quattrociocchi, Vinicius G. C. Madriaga, Maria Clara O. Ribeiro, Saulo B. Pinheiro, Rodrigo D. dos Santos, Braulio S. Archanjo, Ernesto A. Urquieta-González, André V. H. Soares, Fabio B. Passos, Rajender S. Varma* and Thiago M. Lima*,
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Although fossil fuels are the primary energy source presently, their usage brings concerns related to the emissions of pollutants that pose risks to both human and environmental health. In this context, lignocellulosic biomass as a renewable feedstock stands out as a viable carbon-neutral energy source since it can be converted into fuel additives and several valuable products. This paper evaluated hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolites (Si/Al ratios of 23, 38, and 48) for the conversion of furfural into isopropyl levulinate. The hierarchical material was obtained through an alkaline treatment and characterized with X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, N2 physisorption, TPD-NH3, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy . Catalytic assessments and a factorial experimental design (23) were performed, and, as a result, a FUR conversion above 90% was observed, with an apparent obtained yield of 85% for the treated Z23DS zeolite. The results indicated that the catalyst acidity, the reaction temperature, and the amount of catalyst played significant roles in conversion and selectivity values. Furthermore, the hierarchical Z23DS zeolite promoted the aldol condensation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural with acetone into sustainable aviation fuel precursors.
期刊介绍:
Energy & Fuels publishes reports of research in the technical area defined by the intersection of the disciplines of chemistry and chemical engineering and the application domain of non-nuclear energy and fuels. This includes research directed at the formation of, exploration for, and production of fossil fuels and biomass; the properties and structure or molecular composition of both raw fuels and refined products; the chemistry involved in the processing and utilization of fuels; fuel cells and their applications; and the analytical and instrumental techniques used in investigations of the foregoing areas.