In Situ Electrospinning of a Composite Janus Nanofiber Membrane with Antibacterial Activity, UV Radiation Protection, and Directional Liquid Transport Property

Abstract

The treatment of wounds in subtropical coastal areas presents unique environmental challenges. Infection prevention, light-induced damage management, and wound fluid control are crucial considerations for effective wound healing. Herein, this study aimed to fabricate a novel bilayered Janus wound dressing by in situ electrospinning technology, designed to exhibit excellent resistance to UV radiation, robust antibacterial property, and efficient fluid management capability. To realize the directional liquid transport function of Janus bilayer dressing, we selected a poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) hydrophobic inner layer and a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrophilic outer layer as the base material. Antibacterial drugs were introduced through the PVB layer, with the aim of achieving antibacterial function. SiO₂ was introduced through the PVA layer to realize the antiultraviolet radiation effect. By adjusting the amount of drug and SiO₂, multifunctional PVB@Amp&PVA@SiO₂ composite dressings were systemically optimized with good antibacterial properties (more than 96% against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus), excellent resistance to ultraviolet radiation (UPF up to 55.78), and unidirectional exudate exportation of tissue fluid from the wound to the outside world in 4 min. Moreover, the composite dressing had good biocompatibility, including a 95.64% cell survival rate and a 0.0929% hemolysis rate. This study provided a promising new option for antibacterial and ultraviolet radiation protection in subtropical coastal environments with promising applications in outdoor first aid, wound care, and military products.