A Swedish dietary guideline index, gut microbial α-diversity and prevalence of metabolic syndrome - observations in the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS).

IF 3.5 4区 医学 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Food & Nutrition Research Pub Date : 2024-11-28 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.29219/fnr.v68.10547
Ulrika Ericson, Sophie Hellstrand, Anna Larsson, Mariam Miari, Sergi Sayols-Baixeras, Koen F Dekkers, Göran Bergström, Andrei Malinovschi, Gunnar Engström, Johan Ärnlöv, Tove Fall, Marju Orho-Melander
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by coexisting risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Diet is of importance in their aetiology, and gut microbiota (GM) may constitute a link between diet and metabolic health. Understanding the interplay between diet and GM could contribute novel insights for future dietary guidelines, and aid in preventive actions to motivate adherence to dietary guidelines.

Objective: We intended to create a Swedish dietary guideline index (SweDGI) measuring adherence to 12 Swedish dietary guidelines and examine whether SweDGI and its components are associated with GM α-diversity (Shannon index) and prevalent MetS, and if the association between the Shannon index and MetS differs depending on SweDGI.

Design: SweDGI was based on food-frequency data assessed 2014-2018 in 10,396 diabetes-free participants from the Malmö and Uppsala-sites of the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) (50-64 y, 53% women). We estimated the Shannon index from shotgun metagenomic sequencing-data to assess microbial richness and evenness. We used a general linear model to examine cross-sectional SweDGI-Shannon associations and logistic regression for associations with MetS.

Results: Most guidelines were followed by less than half of the participants. Men showed poorer adherence. Higher SweDGI was linked to higher Shannon index (P-trend across five SweDGI-groups = 1.7 × 10-12). Most guidelines contributed to this observation. Higher SweDGI and Shannon index were associated with lower MetS-prevalence, where the lowest prevalence was observed among those with both high SweDGI and high Shannon index (odds ratio:0.43; 95% confidence interval:0.35, 0.52). Both the Shannon index and SweDGI were associated with MetS, independently of the level of the other factor (P-interaction = 0.82).

Conclusions: We created a new index to comprehensively reflect adherence to the Swedish dietary guidelines in sub-cohorts within the large multicentre SCAPIS study. Better adherence was associated with a richer and more even GM and lower prevalence of MetS. The inverse association between the Shannon index and MetS was consistent at different levels of adherence to dietary guidelines.

瑞典饮食指南指数、肠道微生物α-多样性和代谢综合征患病率——瑞典心肺生物图像研究(SCAPIS)的观察结果
背景:代谢综合征(MetS)以2型糖尿病和心血管疾病共存的危险因素为特征。饮食在其病因学中很重要,肠道微生物群(GM)可能构成饮食与代谢健康之间的联系。了解饮食和转基因之间的相互作用可以为未来的饮食指南提供新的见解,并有助于采取预防措施来激励人们遵守饮食指南。目的:我们打算建立一个瑞典饮食指南指数(SweDGI)来衡量对12项瑞典饮食指南的遵守程度,并研究SweDGI及其成分是否与转基因α-多样性(香农指数)和普遍MetS相关,以及香农指数和MetS之间的关联是否因SweDGI而不同。设计:SweDGI基于2014-2018年瑞典心肺生物图像研究(SCAPIS) Malmö和uppsala站点的10,396名无糖尿病参与者(50-64岁,53%女性)的食物频率数据。我们从散弹枪宏基因组测序数据中估计香农指数来评估微生物的丰富度和均匀性。我们使用一般线性模型来检验横截面SweDGI-Shannon关联,并使用逻辑回归分析与MetS的关联。结果:只有不到一半的参与者遵循了大多数指导方针。男性的依从性较差。较高的SweDGI与较高的Shannon指数相关(5个SweDGI组的p趋势= 1.7 × 10-12)。大多数指导方针都促成了这一观察结果。较高的SweDGI和Shannon指数与较低的met患病率相关,其中在高SweDGI和高Shannon指数的人群中观察到最低的患病率(优势比:0.43;95%置信区间:0.35,0.52)。Shannon指数和SweDGI都与MetS相关,独立于其他因素的水平(p交互作用= 0.82)。结论:我们创建了一个新的指数来全面反映大型多中心SCAPIS研究中亚队列对瑞典饮食指南的遵守情况。更好的依从性与更丰富、更均匀的GM和更低的MetS患病率相关。香农指数和代谢当量之间的负相关关系在不同程度上遵守饮食指南是一致的。
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来源期刊
Food & Nutrition Research
Food & Nutrition Research FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY-NUTRITION & DIETETICS
CiteScore
5.20
自引率
9.10%
发文量
47
审稿时长
14 weeks
期刊介绍: Food & Nutrition Research is a peer-reviewed journal that presents the latest scientific research in various fields focusing on human nutrition. The journal publishes both quantitative and qualitative research papers. Through an Open Access publishing model, Food & Nutrition Research opens an important forum for researchers from academic and private arenas to exchange the latest results from research on human nutrition in a broad sense, both original papers and reviews, including: * Associations and effects of foods and nutrients on health * Dietary patterns and health * Molecular nutrition * Health claims on foods * Nutrition and cognitive functions * Nutritional effects of food composition and processing * Nutrition in developing countries * Animal and in vitro models with clear relevance for human nutrition * Nutrition and the Environment * Food and Nutrition Education * Nutrition and Economics Research papers on food chemistry (focus on chemical composition and analysis of foods) are generally not considered eligible, unless the results have a clear impact on human nutrition. The journal focuses on the different aspects of nutrition for people involved in nutrition research such as Dentists, Dieticians, Medical doctors, Nutritionists, Teachers, Journalists and Manufacturers in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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