[COVID-19 vaccines efficacy and infection features in patients with systemic sclerosis: A single-center cohort study].

Abstract

Objective: To comprehensively understand the COVID-19 vaccination and infection status among patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with SSc who were hospitalized in the Rheumatology and Immunology Department of Peking University People' s Hospital from January 2016 to March 2023. We collected detailed clinical cha-racteristics, vaccination status, and infection details through a systematic review of medical records and telephone follow-ups with the SSc patients.

Results: Out of 236 identified patients, 99 SSc patients participated in the follow-up. This cohort included 41 patients with limited SSc, 28 with diffuse SSc, and 30 with SSc overlap syndromes. Treatments varied, with glucocorticoids administered to 57.58% of patients, immunosuppressants to 56.57%, biologic agents to 7.07%, and small molecule targeted therapies to 6.06%. Notably, 49 patients had received the COVID-19 vaccine. Between November 2022 and March 2023, a total of 81 patients contracted COVID-19. The infection rate among those who received three doses or more (19/29, 65.5%) was significantly lower compared with unvaccinated patients (45/50, 90.0%, P=0.007). Fourteen of these patients required hospitalization due to COVID-19. Furthermore, 26 patients reported exacerbation of SSc symptoms post-infection, which included severe manifestations, such as Raynaud phenomenon, skin lesions, fingertip ulcers, pulmonary hypertension, and interstitial lung disease. Compared with healthy cohabitants, the SSc patients exhibited more severe symptoms following COVID-19, including fever (36.71%) and fatigue (35.44%). Multivariate regression analysis identified subcutaneous calcinosis (OR=7.713, 95%CI: 1.142-45.051) and positivity for anti-centromere antibodies (OR=9.210, 95%CI: 1.211-70.028) as independent risk factors for hospitalization due to COVID-19.

Conclusion: Vaccination is both effective and safe in preventing COVID-19 among SSc patients. Additionally, it underscores that these patients experience exacerbation of their underlying disease and more severe COVID-19 symptoms compared with individuals without underlying conditions. Thus, proactive prevention, continuous monitoring, and early treatment of COVID-19 are of significant importance for the health and well-being of SSc patients. Timely interventions can help mitigate the impact of infections and improve overall patient outcomes.