Potential of Japanese Macaques for Understanding Etiology and Seasonality of Repetitive Linear Enamel Hypoplasia in Nonhuman Primates

IF 2 3区 生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY
Mark Fretson Skinner, Mao Asami, Matthew M. Skinner, Akiko Kato
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Japanese macaques are ideal to advance understanding of a wide-spread pattern of recurrent developmental distress in great apes, preserved as repetitive linear enamel hypoplasia (rLEH). Not only are they numerous, unendangered, and well-studied, but they are distributed from warm-temperate evergreen habitats in southern Japan to cool-temperate habitats in the north, where they are adapted behaviorally and phenotypically to winter cold and seasonal undernutrition. We provide a pilot study to determine if enamel hypoplasia exists in Japanese macaques from the north and, if temporal patterns of enamel hypoplasia are consistent with seasonal cold, undernutrition and/or exposure to secondary plant compounds. High-resolution casts of canine teeth from 15 males obtained from Shimokita Peninsula (latitude 41.3° N) between 2012 and 2014, whose skeletons are curated at the Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, were imaged by confocal and scanning electron microscopy. Perikymata, the surface expression of regularly deposited imbricational layers of enamel, provide an estimate of time between and within hypoplastic enamel defects. Based on histological sections from five individuals, we determined Retzius periodicity to be 7 days. Evidence for recurrence, duration, and severity of 68 LEH defects was collected from perikymata counts as well as measurements of LEH angle of onset, depth and width. Male canine teeth show four to five recurrent, evenly-spaced enamel defects per crown with a median of 54.8 (range 18–74) perikymata between defects; lasting on average 8.7 (range 1–20) perikymata. These translate into repetitive developmental distress averaging every 1.05 years, lasting 8.7 weeks, less than local winter foraging conditions (100 days). We conclude that linear enamel hypoplasia recurs circ-annually among high-latitude male monkeys from Japan. The triad of cold, hunger and anti-feedants can be differentiated in future study through recourse to provisioned and un-provisioned populations throughout the Japanese archipelago.

Abstract Image

日本猕猴对了解非人灵长类动物重复性线性牙釉质发育不全的病因和季节性的潜力。
日本猕猴是促进对类人猿中广泛存在的复发性发育窘迫模式的理解的理想对象,这种模式被保存为重复性线性牙釉质发育不良(rLEH)。它们不仅数量众多、不濒危、研究充分,而且分布在日本南部暖温带常绿栖息地到北部冷温带栖息地,在那里它们在行为和表型上适应了冬季寒冷和季节性营养不良。我们提供了一项初步研究,以确定来自北方的日本猕猴是否存在牙釉质发育不全,以及牙釉质发育不全的时间模式是否与季节性寒冷、营养不良和/或暴露于次生植物化合物相一致。2012年至2014年间,在京都大学人类行为进化起源中心,研究人员用共聚焦和扫描电子显微镜对15名男性的高分辨率犬齿模型进行了成像,这些骨骼来自于下基塔半岛(北纬41.3°)。牙釉质周突是牙釉质有规律沉积的叠瓦状层的表面表达,它提供了发育不全牙釉质缺陷之间和内部时间的估计。根据5个个体的组织学切片,我们确定Retzius周期为7天。我们收集了68例LEH缺损的复发、持续时间和严重程度的证据,这些证据来自于周围瘤的计数以及LEH的起病角度、深度和宽度的测量。男性犬牙表现为每冠4 - 5个复发性、均匀间隔的牙釉质缺损,缺损之间的中位数为54.8(范围18-74);持续时间平均8.7(范围1-20)。这些转化为重复性发育窘迫,平均每1.05年持续8.7周,少于当地冬季觅食条件(100天)。我们得出结论,线状牙釉质发育不全在日本高纬度雄性猴子中大约每年复发一次。在未来的研究中,可以通过对整个日本群岛上有粮食供应和没有粮食供应的种群进行区分,来区分寒冷、饥饿和拒食的三元组。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
8.30%
发文量
103
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The objective of the American Journal of Primatology is to provide a forum for the exchange of ideas and findings among primatologists and to convey our increasing understanding of this order of animals to specialists and interested readers alike. Primatology is an unusual science in that its practitioners work in a wide variety of departments and institutions, live in countries throughout the world, and carry out a vast range of research procedures. Whether we are anthropologists, psychologists, biologists, or medical researchers, whether we live in Japan, Kenya, Brazil, or the United States, whether we conduct naturalistic observations in the field or experiments in the lab, we are united in our goal of better understanding primates. Our studies of nonhuman primates are of interest to scientists in many other disciplines ranging from entomology to sociology.
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