Ultracold-Neutron Source Based on Superfluid Helium for the PIK Reactor

IF 0.5 Q4 PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER

Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI:10.1134/S1027451024700769

V. A. Lyamkin, A. P. Serebrov, A. O. Koptyuhov, S. N. Ivanov, E. A. Kolomenskiy, A. V. Vasilev

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Abstract

A high-density ultracold-neutron source based on superfluid helium is being developed at the Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (PNPI) of the National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute” for fundamental physics research. This ultracold-neutron source is intended for installation in the largest experimental channel of the PIK reactor complex: the horizontal experimental channel (HEC-4). Calculations indicate that the thermal-neutron flux density at the channel output is 3 × 10¹⁰ cm^–2 s^–1. The new ultracold-neutron source aims to achieve an ultracold neutron density of 3.5 × 10³ cm^–3 at the reactor-chamber output and 200 cm^–3 in the spectrometer designated for measuring the neutron electric dipole moment. The neutron-guide system for ultracold neutrons is designed to support five experimental facilities alternately. Initially, the ultracold-neutron source will be equipped with existing experimental setups: a neutron electric-dipole-moment spectrometer and two setups for measuring the neutron lifetime (utilizing gravitational and magnetic traps). For this ultracold-neutron source, a unique technological cryogenic complex has been designed and implemented to work with superfluid helium under reactor-installation conditions. This complex includes equipment capable of achieving temperatures down to 1 K and removing heat from superfluid helium at a rate of up to 60 W.

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基于超流氦的PIK反应堆超冷中子源

俄罗斯国家研究中心库尔恰托夫研究所（Kurchatov Institute）的圣彼得堡核物理研究所（PNPI）正在开发一种基于超流氦的高密度超冷中子源，用于基础物理研究。这个超冷中子源打算安装在PIK反应堆复合体最大的实验通道：水平实验通道（HEC-4）。计算表明，通道输出处的热中子通量密度为3 × 1010 cm-2 s-1。新型超冷中子源的目标是在反应堆室输出处实现3.5 × 103 cm-3的超冷中子密度，在用于测量中子电偶极矩的光谱仪中实现200 cm-3的超冷中子密度。超冷中子导中子系统设计为交替支持5个实验设备。最初，超冷中子源将配备现有的实验装置：一个中子电偶极矩光谱仪和两个测量中子寿命的装置（利用引力和磁阱）。对于这种超低温中子源，设计并实现了一种独特的技术低温复合物，用于在反应堆安装条件下与超流氦一起工作。该综合体包括能够达到低至1k的温度并以高达60w的速率从超流氦中去除热量的设备。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER-

CiteScore

0.90

自引率

25.00%

发文量

144

审稿时长

3-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques publishes original articles on the topical problems of solid-state physics, materials science, experimental techniques, condensed media, nanostructures, surfaces of thin films, and phase boundaries: geometric and energetical structures of surfaces, the methods of computer simulations; physical and chemical properties and their changes upon radiation and other treatments; the methods of studies of films and surface layers of crystals (XRD, XPS, synchrotron radiation, neutron and electron diffraction, electron microscopic, scanning tunneling microscopic, atomic force microscopic studies, and other methods that provide data on the surfaces and thin films). Articles related to the methods and technics of structure studies are the focus of the journal. The journal accepts manuscripts of regular articles and reviews in English or Russian language from authors of all countries. All manuscripts are peer-reviewed.