High-Resolution Seawater Density Sensor Based on Michelson Interferometer

IF 4.3 2区 综合性期刊 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC
Xiaoxue Bai;Xin Wang;Muzi Zhang;Shanshan Zhao;Mengzhen Wang;Shiyu Chen;Juan Su;Chi Wu
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Abstract

A novel seawater density sensor has been developed, offering high resolution and improved accuracy. The sensor employs a Michelson interferometer as the core sensing element, measuring density by directly incorporating seawater samples into the measurement path. To enhance measurement precision, standard seawater is used in the reference path to mitigate temperature and dispersion effects. The sensor system consists of a superluminescent diode and an interrogator, forming a compact, high-sampling-rate wavelength demodulation system, that is, particularly suitable for measuring seawater density with high spatiotemporal variability. However, the spectrum collected by the interrogator suffers from discontinuity. To address this issue, we designed a high-precision multi wavelength demodulation algorithm. This algorithm not only analyzes the movement of each resonance peak with a resolution of 0.0008 nm within a 70-nm detection range but also enables continuous tracking of specific resonance peaks via a dynamic adjustment mechanism. It overcomes the measurement range constraints typically faced by interference-based sensors, which are limited to a single free spectral range (FSR). The experimental validations demonstrate the sensor’s capability, achieving a density resolution of $1.79 \times 10^{-{5}}$ kg/m3 and an extended measurement range exceeding 35 kg/m3. The sensor’s average relative error in density measurement is 0.0144%, highlighting its effectiveness and potential for advanced oceanographic research.
基于迈克尔逊干涉仪的高分辨率海水密度传感器
研制了一种新型海水密度传感器,具有高分辨率和高精度。该传感器采用迈克尔逊干涉仪作为核心传感元件,通过直接将海水样品纳入测量路径来测量密度。为了提高测量精度,在参考路径中使用标准海水,以减轻温度和分散效应。该传感器系统由一个超发光二极管和一个询问器组成,构成了一个紧凑、高采样率的波长解调系统,特别适合测量具有高时空变异性的海水密度。然而,审讯者收集的频谱存在不连续性。为了解决这个问题,我们设计了一种高精度的多波长解调算法。该算法不仅在70 nm的检测范围内以0.0008 nm的分辨率分析每个共振峰的运动,而且通过动态调节机制实现对特定共振峰的连续跟踪。它克服了基于干扰的传感器通常面临的测量范围限制,这些限制仅限于单一自由光谱范围(FSR)。实验验证证明了传感器的能力,实现了1.79 \ × 10^{-{5}}$ kg/m3的密度分辨率和超过35 kg/m3的扩展测量范围。该传感器在密度测量中的平均相对误差为0.0144%,突出了其在高级海洋研究中的有效性和潜力。
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来源期刊
IEEE Sensors Journal
IEEE Sensors Journal 工程技术-工程:电子与电气
CiteScore
7.70
自引率
14.00%
发文量
2058
审稿时长
5.2 months
期刊介绍: The fields of interest of the IEEE Sensors Journal are the theory, design , fabrication, manufacturing and applications of devices for sensing and transducing physical, chemical and biological phenomena, with emphasis on the electronics and physics aspect of sensors and integrated sensors-actuators. IEEE Sensors Journal deals with the following: -Sensor Phenomenology, Modelling, and Evaluation -Sensor Materials, Processing, and Fabrication -Chemical and Gas Sensors -Microfluidics and Biosensors -Optical Sensors -Physical Sensors: Temperature, Mechanical, Magnetic, and others -Acoustic and Ultrasonic Sensors -Sensor Packaging -Sensor Networks -Sensor Applications -Sensor Systems: Signals, Processing, and Interfaces -Actuators and Sensor Power Systems -Sensor Signal Processing for high precision and stability (amplification, filtering, linearization, modulation/demodulation) and under harsh conditions (EMC, radiation, humidity, temperature); energy consumption/harvesting -Sensor Data Processing (soft computing with sensor data, e.g., pattern recognition, machine learning, evolutionary computation; sensor data fusion, processing of wave e.g., electromagnetic and acoustic; and non-wave, e.g., chemical, gravity, particle, thermal, radiative and non-radiative sensor data, detection, estimation and classification based on sensor data) -Sensors in Industrial Practice
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