Development of Poly(l-lactic acid)-Yellow Propolis Membranes for Antioxidant Applications

Abstract

Propolis-based products, particularly those high in phenolic compounds, are extensively utilized in pharmaceutical applications for their broad therapeutic and health benefits. To improve the delivery and stability of these compounds, researchers are exploring biocompatible materials for encapsulating natural extracts. Polylactic acid (PLA) stands out as a promising biopolymer due to its biocompatibility, nontoxicity, exceptional biodegradability, and favorable mechanical properties, making it well-suited for a range of medical and pharmaceutical applications. This study aimed to develop PLA-based membranes incorporating raw yellow propolis through electrospinning and to identify the maximum feasible concentration of raw propolis that can be incorporated into PLA membranes. The chemical composition of the yellow propolis was analyzed using chromatographic techniques coupled with a photodiode array detector and mass spectrometry (UHPLC-PDA-MS/MS), highlighting its rich array of phenolic compounds, which are known for their significant antioxidant properties. The membranes were thoroughly characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, confirming the successful incorporation of propolis into the PLA membranes, particularly in the sample containing 25% propolis (w/w). Total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and bioadhesion were also evaluated. Results showed that the membrane with 25% propolis (w/w) exhibits skin-adhesive properties and huge antioxidant activity due to its phenolic content. These findings suggest that the membrane has strong potential for future biomedical applications, where antioxidant activity is essential.