Microbiological water quality assessment of swimming pools and jacuzzis in Northern Greece: a retrospective study.

IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Sofia Nikolaidou, Andreas Anestis, Stasini-Fotoula Bartzoki, Evgenia Lampropoulou, Theodoros Dardavesis, Anna-Bettina Haidich, Ilias Tirodimos, Zoi Tsimtsiou
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Swimming pools and jacuzzis can pose significant public health risks as potential sources of infections. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and concentration of microbiological indicators in recreational water facilities in Thessaloniki, Northern Greece, focusing on their hygiene status before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Between January 2018 and December 2022, 1114 water samples were analyzed by the regional Water Hygiene Laboratory at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, using standardized ISO methods. Jacuzzis exhibited the highest microbial contamination, particularly for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19.7%), while indoor adult pools showed the lowest. Overall, P. aeruginosa was found in 12.4% of samples, with the highest concentrations in jacuzzis (median: 30 CFU/100 ml). Significant seasonal variations were identified in the prevalence of total microbial flora (p < 0.001) and total coliforms (p = 0.03), as well as in the concentration of residual chlorine (p = 0.023). During the COVID-19 pandemic, microbial prevalence decreased across facilities. We concluded a strong compliance with Greek and international microbiological standards. The decline in microbial prevalence overtime likely reflects the impact of the strict hygiene measures implemented during the pandemic. These findings highlight the importance of maintaining rigorous hygiene practices to protect public health.

游泳池和按摩浴缸是潜在的传染源,会对公众健康造成重大威胁。本研究旨在评估希腊北部塞萨洛尼基市娱乐用水设施中微生物指标的流行率和浓度,重点关注 COVID-19 大流行前后这些设施的卫生状况。2018 年 1 月至 2022 年 12 月期间,塞萨洛尼基亚里士多德大学地区水卫生实验室采用 ISO 标准化方法对 1114 份水样进行了分析。按摩浴缸的微生物污染程度最高,尤其是铜绿假单胞菌(19.7%),而室内成人游泳池的微生物污染程度最低。总体而言,12.4%的样本中发现了铜绿假单胞菌,其中按摩浴缸中的铜绿假单胞菌浓度最高(中位数:30 CFU/100 ml)。在微生物菌群总数(P = 0.03)和余氯浓度(P = 0.023)方面发现了明显的季节性变化。在 COVID-19 大流行期间,各设施的微生物流行率均有所下降。我们得出结论,希腊和国际微生物标准得到了严格遵守。微生物流行率的下降可能反映了大流行期间实施的严格卫生措施的影响。这些发现强调了保持严格的卫生措施对保护公众健康的重要性。
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来源期刊
International Journal of Environmental Health Research
International Journal of Environmental Health Research 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生
CiteScore
6.70
自引率
3.10%
发文量
134
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: International Journal of Environmental Health Research ( IJEHR ) is devoted to the rapid publication of research in environmental health, acting as a link between the diverse research communities and practitioners in environmental health. Published articles encompass original research papers, technical notes and review articles. IJEHR publishes articles on all aspects of the interaction between the environment and human health. This interaction can broadly be divided into three areas: the natural environment and health – health implications and monitoring of air, water and soil pollutants and pollution and health improvements and air, water and soil quality standards; the built environment and health – occupational health and safety, exposure limits, monitoring and control of pollutants in the workplace, and standards of health; and communicable diseases – disease spread, control and prevention, food hygiene and control, and health aspects of rodents and insects. IJEHR is published in association with the International Federation of Environmental Health and includes news from the Federation of international meetings, courses and environmental health issues.
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