A Review on Long COVID Screening: Challenges and Perspectives Focusing on Exhaled Breath Gas Sensing

IF 8.2 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

ACS Sensors Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI:10.1021/acssensors.4c02280

Lorena Díaz de León-Martínez, Gabriela Flores-Rangel, Luz E. Alcántara-Quintana, Boris Mizaikoff

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Abstract

Long COVID (LC) is a great global health concern, affecting individuals recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection. The persistent and varied symptoms across multiple organs complicate diagnosis and management, and an incomplete understanding of the condition hinders advancements in therapeutics. Current diagnostic methods face challenges related to standardization and completeness. To overcome this, new technologies such as sensor-based electronic noses are being explored for LC assessment, offering a noninvasive screening approach via volatile organic compounds (VOC) sensing in exhaled breath. Although specific LC-associated VOCs have not been fully characterized, insights from COVID-19 research suggest their potential as biomarkers. Additionally, AI-driven chemometrics are promising in identifying and predicting outcomes; despite challenges, AI-driven technologies hold the potential to enhance LC evaluation, providing rapid and accurate diagnostics for improved patient care and outcomes. This review underscores the importance of emerging and sensing technologies and comprehensive diagnostic strategies to address screening and treatment challenges in the face of LC.

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长COVID（Long COVID）是一个全球关注的重大健康问题，影响着SARS-CoV-2感染后的康复者。该病的症状在多个器官中持续存在且各不相同，这使得诊断和管理变得复杂，而对该病的不全面了解也阻碍了治疗方法的进步。目前的诊断方法面临着标准化和完整性方面的挑战。为了克服这一问题，人们正在探索用于低血糖评估的新技术，如基于传感器的电子鼻，它通过检测呼出气体中的挥发性有机化合物 (VOC) 提供了一种无创筛查方法。虽然特定的低浓度挥发性有机化合物尚未完全定性，但 COVID-19 研究表明它们具有作为生物标记物的潜力。此外，人工智能驱动的化学计量学在识别和预测结果方面也大有可为；尽管存在挑战，人工智能驱动的技术仍有潜力加强 LC 评估，为改善患者护理和结果提供快速准确的诊断。本综述强调了新兴传感技术和综合诊断策略对于解决 LC 筛查和治疗难题的重要性。

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来源期刊

ACS Sensors Chemical Engineering-Bioengineering

CiteScore

14.50

自引率

3.40%

发文量

372

期刊介绍： ACS Sensors is a peer-reviewed research journal that focuses on the dissemination of new and original knowledge in the field of sensor science, particularly those that selectively sense chemical or biological species or processes. The journal covers a broad range of topics, including but not limited to biosensors, chemical sensors, gas sensors, intracellular sensors, single molecule sensors, cell chips, and microfluidic devices. It aims to publish articles that address conceptual advances in sensing technology applicable to various types of analytes or application papers that report on the use of existing sensing concepts in new ways or for new analytes.