Bi2Sn2O7 Overlayer Assists Bilayer Chemiresistor in Humidity-Independent and Highly Selective Detection of Expiratory Acetone

Abstract

Constructing a bilayer structure has not been reported as a method to mitigate the adverse effect of water poisoning on oxide chemiresistors while simultaneously enhancing gas selectivity and sensitivity. To address this challenge, pyrochlore-Bi₂Sn₂O₇ has been first utilized as an overlayer on a ZnO sensing layer for constructing a bilayer acetone chemiresistor, leading to remarkable improvement in the performance for trace-level (500 p-p-b) acetone detection under high humidity (80% relative humidity). In addition, owing to the catalytic predecompositions of ethanol across the overlayer, an outstanding acetone gas selectivity (S_acetone/S_ethanol = 2.9) has been achieved, with a more than 4-fold improvement compared with monolayer ZnO chemiresistor (S_acetone/S_ethanol = 0.7). More significantly, comprehensive experiments coupled with in situ characterizations have verified the generation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) on the Bi₂Sn₂O₇ overlayer. These radicals are capable of enhancing the kinetics between •OH and acetone, reducing the activation energy required for the gas sensing reaction, and thus leading to an unexpected phenomenon of enhanced acetone sensitivity under high humid conditions (S_{acetone at 80% RH} > S_{acetone at 5% RH}). These demonstrations offer crucial insight into the precise design of highly efficient overlayers for breath sensing.