Enhanced Validation and Application of Satellite-Derived Formaldehyde Data for Assessing Photochemical Pollution in the Chinese Greater Bay Area

IF 7.6 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Pollution Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125553

Yiming Zhao, Jiangyong Li, Hao Wang, Daocheng Gong, Qinqin Li, Dakang Wang, Jinnian Wang, Boguang Wang

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Abstract

Formaldehyde (HCHO) is a key player in photochemical processes and serves as a crucial precursor in the formation of hydroxyl radicals and ozone (O₃). While satellite observations can offer extensive spatiotemporal distributions of HCHO at both global and regional scales, the reliability of these satellite-derived HCHO measurements remains uncertain. In this study, we generated a five-year (June 2018 - May 2023) Level 3 HCHO dataset, by applying spatial averaging technique to the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) Level 2 data. We validated this dataset against ground-based HCHO and O₃ measurements collected from 12 sites across the Greater Bay Area (GBA) in China, a region known for severe photochemical pollution. Our results indicated that the Level 3 HCHO dataset significantly outperforms the Level 2 HCHO data in representing the spatial distribution (r > 0.5) and temporal variation of surface HCHO. Moreover, Level 3 HCHO exhibited a stronger correlation (r > 0.65) with surface O₃ compared to surface HCHO, particularly during periods of intense photochemical pollution. With reduced interference from primary HCHO emissions at the surface, Level 3 HCHO offers a more accurate representation of photochemical pollution. Additionally, the combination of Level 3 HCHO, ground-based measurements, and model simulations highlighted the central GBA as a persistent hotspot for photochemical pollution. Further analysis identified anthropogenic volatile organic compounds, especially those emitted from solvent use, as key contributors to the formation of photochemical pollution in the region. This study provides a more reliable satellite-derived HCHO dataset for the GBA and offers critical insights into the spatiotemporal variability and mitigation of surface O₃ in this heavily polluted area.

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卫星推导的甲醛数据在评估粤港澳大湾区光化学污染中的强化验证和应用

甲醛（HCHO）是光化学过程中的关键成分，也是形成羟基自由基和臭氧（O3）的重要前体。虽然卫星观测可提供全球和区域范围内 HCHO 的广泛时空分布，但这些卫星衍生 HCHO 测量值的可靠性仍不确定。在本研究中，我们通过对 TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument（TROPOMI）2 级数据应用空间平均技术，生成了一个为期五年（2018 年 6 月至 2023 年 5 月）的 3 级 HCHO 数据集。我们根据从中国粤港澳大湾区（GBA）12 个站点收集的地面 HCHO 和 O3 测量数据对该数据集进行了验证。结果表明，三级 HCHO 数据集在表现地表 HCHO 的空间分布（r > 0.5）和时间变化方面明显优于二级 HCHO 数据集。此外，与地表 HCHO 相比，3 级 HCHO 与地表 O3 的相关性更强（r > 0.65），尤其是在光化学污染严重的时期。由于减少了地表一级 HCHO 排放的干扰，三级 HCHO 能够更准确地反映光化学污染。此外，3 级 HCHO、地面测量和模型模拟相结合，突出显示了全球生物圈保护区中部是一个持续的光化学污染热点。进一步分析发现，人为挥发性有机化合物，尤其是溶剂使用过程中排放的挥发性有机化合物，是该地区形成光化学污染的主要因素。这项研究为全球生物圈保护区提供了一个更可靠的卫星衍生 HCHO 数据集，并为这一严重污染地区的时空变化和地表 O3 的减缓提供了重要见解。

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来源期刊

Environmental Pollution 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

16.00

自引率

6.70%

发文量

2082

审稿时长

2.9 months

期刊介绍： Environmental Pollution is an international peer-reviewed journal that publishes high-quality research papers and review articles covering all aspects of environmental pollution and its impacts on ecosystems and human health. Subject areas include, but are not limited to: • Sources and occurrences of pollutants that are clearly defined and measured in environmental compartments, food and food-related items, and human bodies; • Interlinks between contaminant exposure and biological, ecological, and human health effects, including those of climate change; • Contaminants of emerging concerns (including but not limited to antibiotic resistant microorganisms or genes, microplastics/nanoplastics, electronic wastes, light, and noise) and/or their biological, ecological, or human health effects; • Laboratory and field studies on the remediation/mitigation of environmental pollution via new techniques and with clear links to biological, ecological, or human health effects; • Modeling of pollution processes, patterns, or trends that is of clear environmental and/or human health interest; • New techniques that measure and examine environmental occurrences, transport, behavior, and effects of pollutants within the environment or the laboratory, provided that they can be clearly used to address problems within regional or global environmental compartments.