Biomolecular ligands as tools to modulate the optical and chiroptical properties of gold nanoclusters

Abstract

Biomolecule-stabilized gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) have become interesting functional nanomaterials because of their unique optical properties, together with excellent biocompatibility and stability in biological conditions. In this review, we explore the main recent advancements in the use of biomolecular ligands to synthesize AuNCs. Various synthesis approaches employing amino acids, peptides, proteins, and DNA as biomolecular scaffolds are reviewed. Furthermore, the influence of the synthesis conditions and nature of the biomolecule on the emerging optical (absorption and photoluminescence) and chiroptical properties of AuNCs is discussed. Finally, the latest research on the application of biomolecule-stabilized AuNCs for biosensing, bioimaging, and theranostics is presented.