Evidences of the Electrogenic Sulfur Oxidation in Constructed Wetlands.

Jun Yan, Xuehong Zhang, Wenrui Guo, Shubiao Wu, Yi Chen
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Abstract

The sulfur redox cycling, mainly involving sulfide oxidation and sulfate reduction, remains a crucial factor that regulates the treatment performance of constructed wetlands (CWs). However, anoxic environments normally prevail in the CW systems, harboring vast reduced sulfur and sulfur minerals, where the occurrence and mechanism of anoxic sulfide oxidation remain unknown. In this study, CW microcosms filled with quartz sand (Qtz) and pyrite (Pyt) were established to investigate the anoxic sulfur oxidation under the bioelectrochemical manipulations. As a result, the δ34S-sulfate increased from 8.75 ± 0.29‰ in the influent to 51.74 ± 16.21‰ (Pyt) and 46.12 ± 25.95‰ (Qtz) at the anoxic zone under the open-circuit condition, and to 34.50 ± 6.99‰ (Pyt) and 42.53 ± 19.59‰ (Qtz) at that under the close-circuit conditions. This suggested the concurrent sulfate reduction and electrogenic sulfide oxidation in the systems. Based on a modified isotopic fractionation model, the electrogenic sulfide oxidation were further calculated (i.e., up to 87.58 and 265.13 mgS·m-2·d-1 in Qtz and Pyt, respectively). Results of fluorescence in situ hybridization and metagenomic analyses demonstrated the occurrence of filamentous bacteria belonging to Desulfobulbaceae, with relative abundances of 0.32 ± 0.00% and 0.88 ± 0.25% in the anoxic zones of Qtz and Pyt, respectively. Pyrite was found to upregulate the functional genes encoding microbial transformation of elemental sulfur, sulfide, and thiosulfate. Interspecies network analyses revealed mutual relationships between the filamentous bacteria and microorganisms involved in sulfur, iron, and carbon transformations. Together, this study provided new insights to the electrogenic sulfide oxidation in CWs.

构造湿地中电生硫氧化的证据。
硫氧化还原循环(主要涉及硫化物氧化和硫酸盐还原)仍然是调节人工湿地(CWs)处理性能的关键因素。然而,CW 系统通常处于缺氧环境,蕴藏着大量还原硫和硫矿物,缺氧硫氧化的发生和机理尚不清楚。本研究建立了充满石英砂(Qtz)和黄铁矿(Pyt)的化武微生态系统,以研究生物电化学操作下的缺氧硫氧化。结果表明,在开路条件下,硫酸盐δ34S从进水的 8.75 ± 0.29‰增加到缺氧区的 51.74 ± 16.21‰(Pyt)和 46.12 ± 25.95‰(Qtz),在闭路条件下,增加到缺氧区的 34.50 ± 6.99‰(Pyt)和 42.53 ± 19.59‰(Qtz)。这表明系统中同时存在硫酸盐还原和硫化物电氧化。根据改进的同位素分馏模型,进一步计算了电生硫化物氧化作用(即 Qtz 和 Pyt 分别高达 87.58 和 265.13 mgS-m-2-d-1)。荧光原位杂交和元基因组分析结果表明,Qtz 和 Pyt 的缺氧区存在属于脱硫杆菌科的丝状细菌,相对丰度分别为 0.32 ± 0.00% 和 0.88 ± 0.25%。研究发现,黄铁矿能上调编码元素硫、硫化物和硫代硫酸盐微生物转化的功能基因。种间网络分析揭示了丝状菌与参与硫、铁和碳转化的微生物之间的相互关系。总之,这项研究为化武中的硫化物电氧化提供了新的见解。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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