The effects of age and sex on reference intervals for cobalamin, homocysteine, and serum and urinary methylmalonic acid in healthy adult dogs

IF 2.1 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI:10.1111/jvim.17250

Anna-Lena Proksch, Sophia Schaefer, Vanessa Dreller, Judith Langenstein, Ralph Fingerhut, Natali Bauer, Andreas Moritz

{"title":"The effects of age and sex on reference intervals for cobalamin, homocysteine, and serum and urinary methylmalonic acid in healthy adult dogs","authors":"Anna-Lena Proksch, Sophia Schaefer, Vanessa Dreller, Judith Langenstein, Ralph Fingerhut, Natali Bauer, Andreas Moritz","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17250","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Background</h3>\n \n <p>In dogs, data on reference intervals (RIs) for cobalamin, markers of metabolism (markersB<sub>12</sub>met), age and sex effects are limited.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\n \n <p>Establish RI for serum cobalamin, homocysteine, and methylmalonic acid (sMMA) concentrations, urinary methylmalonic acid-to-creatinine ratio (uMMA:crea), and determine effects of sex and age.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Methods</h3>\n \n <p>Prospective study using healthy dogs (1-10 years). Cobalamin and markersB<sub>12</sub>met were determined using chemiluminescence immunoassay (cobalamin) and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (homocysteine, sMMA, uMMA:crea). In dogs with outlying data, changes in health, markersB<sub>12</sub>met, and onset of gastrointestinal signs were reevaluated after 9-15 months.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>Twelve of 120 healthy dogs had abnormal uMMA:crea ratios. No other cobalamin analyte outliers were found. Outlying data re-examination (odRE) was performed in 10/12 dogs. Chronic gastrointestinal signs occurred in 64% of odRE-dogs, whereas 36% remained healthy. In total, 112 dogs (67 females, 45 males; median ages, 3.5 and 3.75 years, respectively) were included in RI analyses. Reference intervals were 178.5-851 pmol/L (cobalamin), 5.8-29.0 μmol/L (homocysteine), 45.3-159.5 μg/L (sMMA), and ≤22.4 mg/g (uMMA:crea). Only age affected cobalamin concentrations (significant decrease). Compared by sex and neuter status, intact male dogs had significantly higher uMMA:crea ratios (median, 13.5; range, 1.9-83.6 mg/g) than the other groups (median, 2.5; range, 0.7-9.7 mg/g; <i>P</i> < .0001). Sex-specific RI were ≤58.9 mg/g (intact male) vs ≤5.2 mg/g (females and neutered males).</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusion and Clinical Importance</h3>\n \n <p>Intact male dogs had significantly higher uMMA:crea ratios than the other groups. Thus, sex-specific RI are recommended for uMMA:crea. Because of the wide distribution of uMMA:crea ratios, careful interpretation in intact male dogs is advised.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17250","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jvim.17250","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"VETERINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

In dogs, data on reference intervals (RIs) for cobalamin, markers of metabolism (markersB₁₂met), age and sex effects are limited.

Hypothesis/Objectives

Establish RI for serum cobalamin, homocysteine, and methylmalonic acid (sMMA) concentrations, urinary methylmalonic acid-to-creatinine ratio (uMMA:crea), and determine effects of sex and age.

Methods

Prospective study using healthy dogs (1-10 years). Cobalamin and markersB₁₂met were determined using chemiluminescence immunoassay (cobalamin) and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (homocysteine, sMMA, uMMA:crea). In dogs with outlying data, changes in health, markersB₁₂met, and onset of gastrointestinal signs were reevaluated after 9-15 months.

Results

Twelve of 120 healthy dogs had abnormal uMMA:crea ratios. No other cobalamin analyte outliers were found. Outlying data re-examination (odRE) was performed in 10/12 dogs. Chronic gastrointestinal signs occurred in 64% of odRE-dogs, whereas 36% remained healthy. In total, 112 dogs (67 females, 45 males; median ages, 3.5 and 3.75 years, respectively) were included in RI analyses. Reference intervals were 178.5-851 pmol/L (cobalamin), 5.8-29.0 μmol/L (homocysteine), 45.3-159.5 μg/L (sMMA), and ≤22.4 mg/g (uMMA:crea). Only age affected cobalamin concentrations (significant decrease). Compared by sex and neuter status, intact male dogs had significantly higher uMMA:crea ratios (median, 13.5; range, 1.9-83.6 mg/g) than the other groups (median, 2.5; range, 0.7-9.7 mg/g; P < .0001). Sex-specific RI were ≤58.9 mg/g (intact male) vs ≤5.2 mg/g (females and neutered males).

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

Intact male dogs had significantly higher uMMA:crea ratios than the other groups. Thus, sex-specific RI are recommended for uMMA:crea. Because of the wide distribution of uMMA:crea ratios, careful interpretation in intact male dogs is advised.

Abstract Image

查看原文本刊更多论文

年龄和性别对健康成年犬钴胺素、同型半胱氨酸、血清和尿甲基丙二酸参考区间的影响

背景：狗体内钴胺素、代谢标志物（markersB12met）、年龄和性别影响的参考区间（RIs）数据有限：建立血清钴胺素、同型半胱氨酸和甲基丙二酸（sMMA）浓度、尿液甲基丙二酸与肌酐比值（uMMA:crea）的RI，并确定性别和年龄的影响：方法：对健康犬（1-10 岁）进行前瞻性研究。采用化学发光免疫测定法（钴胺素）和液相色谱/串联质谱法（同型半胱氨酸、sMMA、uMMA:crea）测定钴胺素和标志物 B12met。9-15 个月后，对数据异常的狗的健康状况、指标 B12met 的变化以及胃肠道症状的出现情况进行重新评估：结果：120 只健康犬中有 12 只的 uMMA:crea 比值异常。未发现其他钴胺素分析异常值。对 10/12 条狗进行了异常数据再检查（odRE）。64%的odRE犬出现了慢性胃肠道症状，而36%的犬则保持健康。共有 112 只狗（67 只雌性，45 只雄性；中位年龄分别为 3.5 岁和 3.75 岁）被纳入 RI 分析。参考区间为 178.5-851 pmol/L（钴胺素）、5.8-29.0 μmol/L（同型半胱氨酸）、45.3-159.5 μg/L（sMMA）和≤22.4 mg/g（uMMA:crea）。只有年龄会影响钴胺素浓度（显著下降）。按性别和绝育状况比较，完整公犬的 uMMA:crea 比率（中位数，13.5；范围，1.9-83.6 mg/g）明显高于其他组别（中位数，2.5；范围，0.7-9.7 mg/g；P 结论和临床重要性：完整雄性犬的 uMMA:crea 比率明显高于其他组别。因此，建议对 uMMA:crea 进行性别特异性 RI 检测。由于 uMMA:crea 比率的分布范围很广，建议对完整的公犬进行仔细解读。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 农林科学-兽医学

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

11.50%

发文量

243

审稿时长

22 weeks

期刊介绍： The mission of the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine is to advance veterinary medical knowledge and improve the lives of animals by publication of authoritative scientific articles of animal diseases.