The Role of Exosomes in Central Immune Tolerance and Myasthenia Gravis.

IF 2.9 4区医学 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY

Immunological Investigations Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-16 DOI:10.1080/08820139.2024.2440772

Hanlu Zhang, Siyuan Luan, Fuqiang Wang, Lin Yang, Sicheng Chen, Zhiyang Li, Xuyang Wang, Wen-Ping Wang, Long-Qi Chen, Yun Wang

{"title":"The Role of Exosomes in Central Immune Tolerance and Myasthenia Gravis.","authors":"Hanlu Zhang, Siyuan Luan, Fuqiang Wang, Lin Yang, Sicheng Chen, Zhiyang Li, Xuyang Wang, Wen-Ping Wang, Long-Qi Chen, Yun Wang","doi":"10.1080/08820139.2024.2440772","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Background: Immune homeostasis plays a crucial role in immunology andis dependent on both central and peripheral tolerance. Centraltolerance and peripheral tolerance occur in the thymus and thesecondary lymphoid tissues, respectively. Tolerance breakdown andimmune regulation defects can lead to autoimmune disorders. In thisreview article, we aimed to describe the role of exosomes inregulating central tolerance and provide a summary of their effectson the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic potential inmyasthenia gravis (MG).Methods: Articles for this review wereidentified using the PubMed database.Results: As the primarylymphoid organ, the thymus is responsible for building an immunecompetent, yet self-tolerant of T-cell population. Thymic statesinclude thymoma, thymic hyperplasia, and thymic atrophy, which canexert a significant influence on the central immune tolerance andrepresent specific characteristics of MG. Previous studies have foundthat exosomes derived from human thymic epithelial cells carryantigen-presenting molecules and a wide range of tissue restrictedantigens, which may indicate a vital role of thymic exosomes in MG.Besides, exosomal miRNAs and lncRNAs may also play a critical role inthe pathophysiology of MG.Conclusion: This review provides thetherapeutic and diagnostic potential of exosomes in MG patients.","PeriodicalId":13387,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Investigations","volume":" ","pages":"412-434"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Immunological Investigations","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08820139.2024.2440772","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/12/16 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"IMMUNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Immune homeostasis plays a crucial role in immunology andis dependent on both central and peripheral tolerance. Centraltolerance and peripheral tolerance occur in the thymus and thesecondary lymphoid tissues, respectively. Tolerance breakdown andimmune regulation defects can lead to autoimmune disorders. In thisreview article, we aimed to describe the role of exosomes inregulating central tolerance and provide a summary of their effectson the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic potential inmyasthenia gravis (MG).

Methods: Articles for this review wereidentified using the PubMed database.

Results: As the primarylymphoid organ, the thymus is responsible for building an immunecompetent, yet self-tolerant of T-cell population. Thymic statesinclude thymoma, thymic hyperplasia, and thymic atrophy, which canexert a significant influence on the central immune tolerance andrepresent specific characteristics of MG. Previous studies have foundthat exosomes derived from human thymic epithelial cells carryantigen-presenting molecules and a wide range of tissue restrictedantigens, which may indicate a vital role of thymic exosomes in MG.Besides, exosomal miRNAs and lncRNAs may also play a critical role inthe pathophysiology of MG.

Conclusion: This review provides thetherapeutic and diagnostic potential of exosomes in MG patients.

查看原文本刊更多论文

外泌体在中枢免疫耐受和重症肌无力中的作用

背景：免疫平衡在免疫学中起着至关重要的作用，它取决于中枢和外周耐受性。中枢耐受和外周耐受分别发生在胸腺和这些次级淋巴组织中。耐受性破坏和免疫调节缺陷可导致自身免疫性疾病。在这篇综述文章中，我们旨在描述外泌体在调节中枢耐受性中的作用，并总结外泌体对重症肌无力（MG）的发病机制、诊断和治疗潜力的影响：方法：使用 PubMed 数据库查找本综述的相关文章：作为主要的淋巴器官，胸腺负责构建具有免疫能力但又能自我耐受的 T 细胞群。胸腺状态包括胸腺瘤、胸腺增生和胸腺萎缩，它们会对中枢免疫耐受产生重大影响，并代表了 MG 的具体特征。先前的研究发现，从人类胸腺上皮细胞中提取的外泌体携带抗原递呈分子和多种组织限制性抗原，这可能表明胸腺外泌体在 MG 中发挥着重要作用。此外，外泌体 miRNA 和 lncRNA 也可能在 MG 的病理生理学中发挥关键作用：本综述介绍了外泌体在MG患者中的治疗和诊断潜力。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Immunological Investigations 医学-免疫学

CiteScore

5.50

自引率

7.10%

发文量

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Disseminating immunological developments on a worldwide basis, Immunological Investigations encompasses all facets of fundamental and applied immunology, including immunohematology and the study of allergies. This journal provides information presented in the form of original research articles and book reviews, giving a truly in-depth examination of the latest advances in molecular and cellular immunology.