Nutritional Guidelines for Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and its Adherence- A Narrative Review.

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-08 DOI:10.4103/ijem.ijem_104_24

Anu Kaushik, Tejmeet K Rekhi, Seema Puri, Nikhil Tandon

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Abstract

Nutritional guidelines are of importance in directing food choices of T1D patients. The objective is to summarise existing nutritional recommendations and examine its adherence by T1D patients. Literature was searched on dietary guidelines in T1D using electronic databases PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, in English and 29 papers were selected. As per ADA, EASD, ISPAD, and ICMR guidelines, energy recommendations for T1D are based on ideal body weight to prevent overweight and obesity. The safe amounts of carbohydrates, protein and fat includes 50-55%, 15-20% and 25-30% of total energy respectively with fiber intake recommended at 20-30 g/day. Vitamin and mineral supplementation are beneficial in the presence of deficiency. Adherence to nutritional recommendations was suboptimal but better in those who were frequently consulting a dietician. As suboptimal dietary adherence leads to poor glycaemic control, nutritional guidelines must be followed to manage T1D and prevent or delay diabetic complications.

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1 型糖尿病患者营养指南及其遵守情况--叙述性综述。

营养指南对指导T1D患者的食物选择具有重要意义。目的是总结现有的营养建议，并检查T1D患者的依从性。通过PubMed、Science Direct、Scopus、b谷歌Scholar等英文电子数据库检索T1D患者饮食指南相关文献，筛选出29篇。根据ADA、EASD、ISPAD和ICMR指南，T1D的能量建议是基于理想体重，以防止超重和肥胖。碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂肪的安全摄入量分别为总能量的50-55%、15-20%和25-30%，纤维摄入量建议为20-30克/天。维生素和矿物质的补充在缺乏的情况下是有益的。坚持营养建议是次优的，但那些经常咨询营养师的人更好。由于不理想的饮食依从性导致血糖控制不良，必须遵循营养指南来管理T1D并预防或延迟糖尿病并发症。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism Medicine-Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

CiteScore

2.10

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： The Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism (IJEM) aims to function as the global face of Indian endocrinology research. It aims to act as a bridge between global and national advances in this field. The journal publishes thought-provoking editorials, comprehensive reviews, cutting-edge original research, focused brief communications and insightful letters to editor. The journal encourages authors to submit articles addressing aspects of science related to Endocrinology and Metabolism in particular Diabetology. Articles related to Clinical and Tropical endocrinology are especially encouraged. Sub-topic based Supplements are published regularly. This allows the journal to highlight issues relevant to Endocrine practitioners working in India as well as other countries. IJEM is free access in the true sense of the word, (it charges neither authors nor readers) and this enhances its global appeal.