{"title":"Obesity: ethical issues.","authors":"Christopher Mayes, Jane Williams","doi":"10.1093/bmb/ldae022","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This article reviews the ethical issues surrounding obesity in public health and clinical contexts. We examine how obesity intersects with medical and social norms that raise questions of liberty, fairness, safety, and effectiveness or consequences.</p><p><strong>Sources of data: </strong>PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar.</p><p><strong>Areas of agreement: </strong>We identify three main areas of agreement that are pertinent to ethical analysis of obesity: stigma is considered harmful, there needs to be a more-than personal responsibility approach, and a general acceptance of a global rise in body weight.</p><p><strong>Areas of controversy: </strong>There are many areas of controversy, we limit our focus to four: conflicts of interest in the creation of guidelines and policies, mortality rates, whether weight is a meaningful proxy for health, and how to treat childhood obesity.</p><p><strong>Areas timely for developing research: </strong>Post-genomic explanations, such as exposure to endocrine disrupting toxins, and development of epigenomics and microbiomics in the form of personalized nutrition are two developing areas we identify.</p>","PeriodicalId":9280,"journal":{"name":"British medical bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"British medical bulletin","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldae022","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"Medicine","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Introduction: This article reviews the ethical issues surrounding obesity in public health and clinical contexts. We examine how obesity intersects with medical and social norms that raise questions of liberty, fairness, safety, and effectiveness or consequences.
Sources of data: PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar.
Areas of agreement: We identify three main areas of agreement that are pertinent to ethical analysis of obesity: stigma is considered harmful, there needs to be a more-than personal responsibility approach, and a general acceptance of a global rise in body weight.
Areas of controversy: There are many areas of controversy, we limit our focus to four: conflicts of interest in the creation of guidelines and policies, mortality rates, whether weight is a meaningful proxy for health, and how to treat childhood obesity.
Areas timely for developing research: Post-genomic explanations, such as exposure to endocrine disrupting toxins, and development of epigenomics and microbiomics in the form of personalized nutrition are two developing areas we identify.
导言：本文回顾了公共卫生和临床环境中围绕肥胖症的伦理问题。我们探讨了肥胖症如何与医疗和社会规范相交织，从而引发自由、公平、安全、有效性或后果等问题：数据来源：PubMed、Cochrane Library 和 Google Scholar：我们确定了与肥胖症伦理分析相关的三个主要共识领域：污名化被认为是有害的，需要有一种比个人责任更重要的方法，以及对全球体重增加的普遍接受：存在争议的领域有很多，我们只关注四个方面：制定指导方针和政策时的利益冲突、死亡率、体重是否可以代表健康以及如何治疗儿童肥胖症：后基因组学的解释，如暴露于干扰内分泌的毒素，以及以个性化营养为形式的表观基因组学和微生物组学的发展，是我们确定的两个发展中领域。
期刊介绍：
British Medical Bulletin is a multidisciplinary publication, which comprises high quality reviews aimed at generalist physicians, junior doctors, and medical students in both developed and developing countries.
Its key aims are to provide interpretations of growing points in medicine by trusted experts in the field, and to assist practitioners in incorporating not just evidence but new conceptual ways of thinking into their practice.
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