Fate of heavy metals and importance of influencing factors during vermicomposting

IF 9.7 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL
Qingmiao Zhang, Xiaoming Guo, Qiang Zhang, Ziyan Li, Tongqian Zhao
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Abstract

Vermicomposting is a beneficial choice for weakening the ecological threat of various organic wastes. However, the complicated mechanisms of composting processes and the diverse biogeochemical fates of heavy metals (HMs) fractions limits the comprehensive understanding of vermicomposting. The vermicomposting experiment using cow manure, straw and superphosphate as the original materials was set up to clarify the variations of both total contents and occurrence forms of HMs (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, V and Zn) and corresponding influencing factors in the composting products-earthworm system. The results showed that vermicomposting resulted in the 71.11% decrease in ammonium nitrogen (AN) and the 63.21% increase in nitrate nitrogen (NN), respectively. Co, Cu, V and Zn were released from earthworms to vermicomposting products. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) results showed that the migration efficiency of Zn (4.35) was much higher than that of other HMs (0.11-0.71). Both bioaccumulation and migration efficiency of HMs depends on the initial contents of HMs in both earthworms and raw composting materials. Vermicomposting altered the fraction redistribution of HMs by increasing the F5 form, F4 form of Co, Cu and V, as well as the F2 and F3 form. The BCF results showed the F1 (6.29), F2 (5.62) and F3 (7.49) form of As, as well as F1(4.46) form of Cr accumulated well by earthworms. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) showed that earthworms significantly influenced the physicochemical properties (R2=11.84%, P<0.001), as well as total contents (R2=38.46%, P<0.001) and occurrence forms (R2=36.79%, P<0.001) of HMs in the vermicomposting products. More importantly, random forest model, mantel-test and partial least squares path model all confirmed that pH and nitrogen had the important effects on HMs migration during vermicomposting, followed by organic carbon and the ratio of carbon to nitrogen. In conclusion, this study has strengthened the understanding of HMs fate during vermicomposting. Moreover, it is the first to rank the importance of factors influencing HMs migration during vermicomposting.

Abstract Image

蚯蚓堆肥过程中重金属的去向及影响因素的重要性
蚯蚓堆肥是削弱各种有机废物对生态威胁的有益选择。然而,堆肥过程的复杂机制和重金属(HMs)组分的多样化生物地球化学命运限制了对蚯蚓堆肥的全面了解。本研究以牛粪、秸秆和过磷酸钙为原始材料进行了蚯蚓堆肥试验,以阐明堆肥产品-蚯蚓系统中重金属(As、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、V 和 Zn)的总含量和存在形式的变化以及相应的影响因素。结果表明,蚯蚓堆肥使铵态氮(AN)减少了 71.11%,硝态氮(NN)增加了 63.21%。蚯蚓向蚯蚓堆肥产品中释放了钴、铜、钒和锌。生物浓缩系数(BCF)结果显示,锌的迁移效率(4.35)远高于其他 HMs(0.11-0.71)。HMs 的生物累积和迁移效率取决于蚯蚓和堆肥原料中 HMs 的初始含量。蚯蚓堆肥通过增加钴、铜和钒的 F5 形式、F4 形式以及 F2 和 F3 形式,改变了 HMs 的组分再分布。生物浓缩系数结果表明,蚯蚓对 F1(6.29)、F2(5.62)和 F3(7.49)形式的砷以及 F1(4.46)形式的铬积累良好。多元方差分析(PERMANOVA)表明,蚯蚓对蚯蚓堆肥产品中有害物质的理化性质(R2=11.84%,P<0.001)、总含量(R2=38.46%,P<0.001)和出现形式(R2=36.79%,P<0.001)有显著影响。更重要的是,随机森林模型、mantel 检验和偏最小二乘法路径模型都证实了 pH 值和氮对蚯蚓堆肥过程中 HMs 迁移有重要影响,其次是有机碳和碳氮比。总之,这项研究加深了人们对蚯蚓堆肥过程中 HMs 去向的理解。此外,该研究还首次对影响蚯蚓堆肥过程中 HMs 迁移的因素的重要性进行了排序。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Journal of Cleaner Production
Journal of Cleaner Production 环境科学-工程:环境
CiteScore
20.40
自引率
9.00%
发文量
4720
审稿时长
111 days
期刊介绍: The Journal of Cleaner Production is an international, transdisciplinary journal that addresses and discusses theoretical and practical Cleaner Production, Environmental, and Sustainability issues. It aims to help societies become more sustainable by focusing on the concept of 'Cleaner Production', which aims at preventing waste production and increasing efficiencies in energy, water, resources, and human capital use. The journal serves as a platform for corporations, governments, education institutions, regions, and societies to engage in discussions and research related to Cleaner Production, environmental, and sustainability practices.
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