Fabrication and in vivo testing of a sub-mm duckbill valve for hydrocephalus treatment.

IF 7.3 1区 工程技术 Q1 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION
Yuna Jung, Daniel Gulick, Jennifer Blain Christen
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Hydrocephalus is characterized by the accumulation of excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the cranium due to an imbalance between production and absorption of CSF. The standard treatment involves the implantation of a shunt to divert excess CSF into the peritoneal cavity, but these shunts exhibit high failure rates over time. In pursuit of improved reliability and performance, this study proposes a miniaturized valve designed to mimic the natural one-way valve function of the arachnoid granulations and thereby replace the shunts. A benchtop testing setup was employed to characterize the behavior of the fabricated valve. Additionally, an animal study was conducted to assess the valve's in vivo performance. This involved the injection of saline into the lateral ventricle to elevate intracranial pressure (ICP), followed by the drainage of the saline through the valve inserted into the cisterna magna (CM) to reduce pressure. Our prototype features a silicone duckbill valve design combined with a silicone tube as an inlet. Through benchtop testing, the valve exhibited unidirectional flow with negligible reverse leakage, revealing that critical parameters such as the width of the fluid channel (W) and bill length (L) could be controlled to optimize valve performance. Notably, the valve configuration with W= 0.8mm and L < 0.5mm achieved the lowest cracking pressure (2.22 ± 0.07 mmHg) and outflow resistance (22.00 ± 0.70 mmHg/mL/min) within the low cracking pressure range of conventional shunts. Our observations of the in vivo test demonstrated that when untreated states, pressure differences from baseline to peak exceeded 20 mmHg due to the absence of drainage, resulting in sustained pressure elevation. Conversely, upon treating states by removing the clamp, pressure differences from baseline to peak remained below 5 mmHg, indicating effective drainage of injected saline through the valve. These promising results highlight the potential of the miniaturized duckbill valve as an alternative for ICP management in hydrocephalus, offering improved control and reliability compared to conventional shunting systems. Further research is required to evaluate the valve's performance as a chronic implant.

用于脑积水治疗的亚毫米鸭嘴阀的制造和体内测试。
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来源期刊
Microsystems & Nanoengineering
Microsystems & Nanoengineering Materials Science-Materials Science (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
12.00
自引率
3.80%
发文量
123
审稿时长
20 weeks
期刊介绍: Microsystems & Nanoengineering is a comprehensive online journal that focuses on the field of Micro and Nano Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS and NEMS). It provides a platform for researchers to share their original research findings and review articles in this area. The journal covers a wide range of topics, from fundamental research to practical applications. Published by Springer Nature, in collaboration with the Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and with the support of the State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, it is an esteemed publication in the field. As an open access journal, it offers free access to its content, allowing readers from around the world to benefit from the latest developments in MEMS and NEMS.
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