Global Trends and Projections for Avoidable Visual Impairment among Working-Age Individuals: A Population-Based Study.: Avoidable Visual Impairment in Working-Age.

IF 4.1 1区 医学 Q1 OPHTHALMOLOGY
Ying Zhang, Jianqi Chen, Lirong Liao, Xiaohu Ding
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose: Visual impairment (VI) in working-age individuals significantly impacts public health and the economy. However, the avoidable causes, defined as cataract and refraction disorders, have not been extensively investigated. This study aims to quantify global trends, inequalities, and projections for avoidable VI among this demographic.

Design: Retrospective, observational, population-based trend study.

Methods: We derived data on avoidable VI prevalence and population size data in working age from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study. We employed the joinpoint regression analysis to assess trends from 1990 to 2021 by age, sex, sociodemographic index (SDI), type, and severity at the global, regional, and national levels. Cross-country inequalities were evaluated using the slope index of inequality and the health inequality concentration index. Subsequently, we performed Bayesian age-period-cohort modeling to estimate the avoidable BVL burden in working age by 2040.

Results: The prevalence of avoidable VI in working age decreased overall from 1990 to 2021, driven primarily by reductions in refraction disorders, with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of -0.15 (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.18 to -0.12; P<0.001). We observed significant declines in severe vision loss and blindness, while moderate vision loss remained stable. Females exhibited a heavier burden of avoidable VI, but showed slower improvement compared to males. Socioeconomic disparities persisted, with lower socioeconomic index (SDI) regions bearing a disproportionate burden, whereas the high SDI region showed an unfavorable increasing trend. From 1990 to 2021, the inequality slope index increased from 574.45 (95% CI, 914.95 to 233.95) to 652.27 (95% CI, 932.95 to 371.58), while the health inequality concentration index improved from -0.21 (95% CI, -0.26 to -0.17) to -0.17 (95% CI, -0.2 to -0.14). We project a continued decline in the global prevalence of avoidable working-age VI, but a 23.4% increase in avoidable VI cases by 2040, reaching approximately 146 million.

Conclusions: Despite overall declines in avoidable VI among working-age individuals, significant improvement opportunities and disparities persist. The anticipated increase in avoidable VI cases necessitates integrated eye health strategies, substantial investment in eye care services to enhance accessibility and affordability, and fair employment policies for the visually impaired.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
9.20
自引率
7.10%
发文量
406
审稿时长
36 days
期刊介绍: The American Journal of Ophthalmology is a peer-reviewed, scientific publication that welcomes the submission of original, previously unpublished manuscripts directed to ophthalmologists and visual science specialists describing clinical investigations, clinical observations, and clinically relevant laboratory investigations. Published monthly since 1884, the full text of the American Journal of Ophthalmology and supplementary material are also presented online at www.AJO.com and on ScienceDirect. The American Journal of Ophthalmology publishes Full-Length Articles, Perspectives, Editorials, Correspondences, Books Reports and Announcements. Brief Reports and Case Reports are no longer published. We recommend submitting Brief Reports and Case Reports to our companion publication, the American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports. Manuscripts are accepted with the understanding that they have not been and will not be published elsewhere substantially in any format, and that there are no ethical problems with the content or data collection. Authors may be requested to produce the data upon which the manuscript is based and to answer expeditiously any questions about the manuscript or its authors.
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