Investigating the structure-performance correlation of amines based recyclable vanillin epoxy thermosets

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Industrial Crops and Products Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI:10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.120303

Muhammad Abdur Rashid, Md. Yousuf Ali, Md. Ariful Islam, Md. Abdullahil Kafi

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Abstract

Developing high-performance polymers in a sustainable and simple manner while efficiently converting renewable resources is extremely challenging. In this study, three different diamine (aliphatic, cyclic, and aromatic) derived curing agents with dynamic imine covalent bond were successfully synthesized using vanillin and their chemical structures were validated by FTIR, GCMS and NMR spectroscopy. Further, curing behavior, mechanical and thermal properties of the resulting epoxy thermosets were investigated by DSC, tensile analysis, TGA, and DMA. The curing response of aliphatic amine-derived epoxy polymer shows significantly higher but lower flexural strength (∼37 %), flexural modulus (∼53 %), T_g (∼52 %), storage modulus (∼8 %), T_d5 % (∼4.5 %), and Char₇₀₀ (∼54 %) properties due to the steric-hindrance of aromatic and cyclic rings in the molecular structures. Moreover, these epoxy thermosets can be reprocessed, and repaired several times without losing their mechanical and thermal properties due to incorporate dynamic imine bond into their molecular structures. Notably, the pendant backbone-chain in curing agents significantly influences the dynamic manners of the cured thermosets and aliphatic-chain exhibits the quickest stress relaxation performance. Finally, all cured products showed excellent chemical stability in various solvents. These remarkable findings offer important clues for comprehending the structure-property link of recyclable epoxy thermosets with different amine-derivatives.

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胺基可回收香兰素环氧热固性材料的结构-性能相关性研究

以可持续和简单的方式开发高性能聚合物，同时有效地转化可再生资源是极具挑战性的。本研究以香兰素为原料，成功合成了三种不同的二胺类（脂肪族、环族和芳香族）衍生的动态亚胺共价键固化剂，并通过FTIR、GCMS和NMR对其化学结构进行了验证。此外，通过DSC，拉伸分析，TGA和DMA对所得环氧热固性树脂的固化行为，机械和热性能进行了研究。由于分子结构中芳香族环和环的位阻作用，脂肪胺衍生的环氧聚合物的固化反应表现出较高但较低的弯曲强度（~ 37 %）、弯曲模量（~ 53 %）、Tg（~ 52 %）、存储模量（~ 8 %）、Td5 %（~ 4.5 %）和Char700（~ 54 %）性能。此外，这些环氧热固性材料可以再加工和多次修复，而不会因为在分子结构中加入动态亚胺键而失去其机械和热性能。值得注意的是，固化剂中悬垂的主链对固化热固性物的动态特性有显著影响，脂肪链表现出最快的应力松弛性能。最后，所有固化产物在各种溶剂中均表现出优异的化学稳定性。这些显著的发现为理解不同胺衍生物的可回收环氧热固性树脂的结构-性能联系提供了重要的线索。

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来源期刊

Industrial Crops and Products 农林科学-农业工程

CiteScore

9.50

自引率

8.50%

发文量

1518

审稿时长

43 days

期刊介绍： Industrial Crops and Products is an International Journal publishing academic and industrial research on industrial (defined as non-food/non-feed) crops and products. Papers concern both crop-oriented and bio-based materials from crops-oriented research, and should be of interest to an international audience, hypothesis driven, and where comparisons are made statistics performed.