The Shape of the Heliosphere Derived from the IBEX Ribbon

Shuai Zhang, Kaijun Liu, Quanqi Shi, Anmin Tian and Fei Yao
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Abstract

The shape of the heliosphere remains largely uncertain due to the lack of in situ measurements. However, the energetic neutral atom (ENA) ribbon structure discovered by the Interstellar Boundary EXplorer (IBEX) satellite provides a new perspective. The present study reveals that the IBEX ribbon ENA flux, observed over a full solar cycle, correlates well with the solar wind ion flux measured at 1 au after a time delay of a few years. The time lag between the two can be used to estimate the heliopause distance and the heliosphere shape. The results show that the heliopause distance is shortest slightly south of the nose direction (∼100 au) and remains almost constant with the ecliptic longitude. However, the distance extends to ∼800 au toward the polar region, and it seems that there is no broadly symmetrical and elongated single heliospheric tail. While these features are consistent with the “croissant-like” model (no tail, but with two jet-like tail lobes) of the heliosphere, they cannot fully exclude the traditional “comet-like” model with a strong local interstellar medium magnetic field. Additional data and modeling are needed to ascertain the precise shape of the heliosphere.
由IBEX带导出的日球层形状
由于缺乏原位测量,日球层的形状在很大程度上仍然不确定。然而,星际边界探测器(IBEX)卫星发现的高能中性原子(ENA)带结构提供了一个新的视角。目前的研究表明,在一个完整的太阳周期内观测到的IBEX带状ENA通量与在1 au处测量的太阳风离子通量在数年的时间延迟后具有良好的相关性。两者之间的时间差可以用来估计日球层顶距离和日球层形状。结果表明,日球层顶距离在鼻翼方向略南(约100 au)处最短,且与黄道经度几乎保持恒定。然而,向极区延伸到~ 800天文单位的距离,似乎没有广泛对称和细长的单一日球尾。虽然这些特征与日球层的“羊角面包状”模型(没有尾巴,但有两个喷流状的尾叶)是一致的,但它们不能完全排除具有强局部星际介质磁场的传统“彗星状”模型。需要更多的数据和模型来确定日球层的精确形状。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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