Towards an integrative revision of Haplotaxidae (Annelida: Clitellata)

IF 3 2区生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society Pub Date : 2024-12-14 DOI:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae141

Patrick Martin, Steven Fend, Svante Martinsson, Mårten Klinth, Takaaki Torii, Christer Erséus

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Abstract

The classification and phylogenetic position of Haplotaxidae, an enigmatic family of clitellate worms, have long been discussed. We estimate the phylogeny for Clitellata as a whole, using a taxon sample adhering to current definitions of Haplotaxidae and including species attributable to Haplotaxis, plus a representation of other clitellates. Sequences of five markers, 4087 bp in total, were analysed by Bayesian Inference. A well-supported tree shows that Haplotaxidae is polyphyletic, consisting of at least five separate clades scattered among other clitellate lineages. We redefine Haplotaxidae s.s. to only include Haplotaxis, and erect four new families: Pelodrilidae Martin et al.fam. nov. for Pelodrilus, Hologynus, and Delaya; Haplotaxoididae Martin et al.fam. nov. for Haplotaxoides Fend gen. nov., with Haplotaxoides decipiens Fend sp. nov. and Haplotaxoides tehama Fend sp. nov.; Limpluvidae Martin et al.fam. nov. for Limpluvia setoensis Fend & Torii gen. et sp. nov.; and Ohtakianidae Martin et al.fam. nov. for Ohtakiana kakidaensis Fend & Torii gen. et sp. nov. To adhere to standard classification systems, we assign all five families to separate orders, Pelodrilida ord. nov., Haplotaxoidida ord. nov., Othakianida ord. nov., Limpluvida ord. nov., and Haplotaxida. Haplotaxidae s.s. and Pelodrilidae seem to belong to an incompletely resolved group also including lumbriculids, leeches, and earthworms. Moreover, a close relationship between Limpluvia, Ohtakiana, and the lumbriculid-hirudinean clade (i.e. taxon Lumbriculata) is strongly supported, whereas Haplotaxoididae are placed more basally in the clitellate phylogeny than the other haplotaxids s.l., their exact position remaining unresolved. The analysed Holarctic Haplotaxis populations (representing up to 10 species) appear separated more by geography than by obvious morphological characters.

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长期以来，人们一直在讨论单细胞蠕虫科（Haplotaxidae）这一神秘家族的分类和系统发育地位。我们根据目前对 Haplotaxidae 的定义，使用分类群样本对整个 Clitellata 的系统发生进行了估计，其中包括可归属于 Haplotaxis 的物种，以及其他 Clitellates 的代表物种。贝叶斯推断法分析了五个标记的序列，共 4087 bp。一棵支持良好的树显示，Haplotaxidae 是多型的，至少由五个独立的支系组成，散布在其他壳斗科中。我们重新定义了 Haplotaxidae s.s.，仅包括 Haplotaxis，并建立了四个新科：Pelodrilus, Hologynus, and Delaya; Haplotaxoididae Martin et al、和 Haplotaxoides tehama Fend sp.nov.；Limpluvidae Martin et al.为了与标准分类系统保持一致，我们将所有五个科分别归入不同的目，即 Pelodrilida ord.Haplotaxidae s.s.和 Pelodrilidae 似乎属于一个未完全解析的类群，该类群还包括腔肠动物、水蛭和蚯蚓。此外，Limpluvia、Ohtakiana 和 Lumbriculid-hirudinean 支系（即 Lumbriculata 分类群）之间的密切关系得到了强有力的支持，而 Haplotaxoididae 在有壳类系统发生中的位置比其它有壳类更靠后，其确切位置仍未确定。所分析的全北极 Haplotaxis 种群（代表多达 10 个物种）似乎更多地是被地理而不是明显的形态特征分开的。

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来源期刊

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 生物-动物学

CiteScore

6.50

自引率

10.70%

发文量

116

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： The Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society publishes papers on systematic and evolutionary zoology and comparative, functional and other studies where relevant to these areas. Studies of extinct as well as living animals are included. Reviews are also published; these may be invited by the Editorial Board, but uninvited reviews may also be considered. The Zoological Journal also has a wide circulation amongst zoologists and although narrowly specialized papers are not excluded, potential authors should bear that readership in mind.