Advances in additive manufacturing for bone tissue engineering: materials, design strategies, and applications.

Ribin Varghese Pazhamannil, Mohammad Alkhedher
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Abstract

The growing annual demand for bone grafts and artificial implants emphasizes the need for effective solutions to repair or replace injured bones. Additive manufacturing technology offers unique merits for advancing bone tissue engineering (BTE), enabling the creation of scaffolds and implants with customized shapes and designs, interconnected architecture, controlled mechanical properties and compositions, and broadening its range of applications. It overcomes the limitations of traditional manufacturing methods such as electrospinning, salt leaching, freeze drying, solvent casting etc. This review highlights additive manufacturing technologies and their applications in BTE, as well as materials and scaffold architectures to widen the potential of the biomedical sector. The selection of optimal printing methods for BTE requires careful consideration of the advantages and disadvantages against the needs for degradation, strength, and biocompatibility. Material extrusion and powder bed fusion techniques are the most widely used additive manufacturing processes in BTE. The comprehensive review also revealed that parametric designs such as triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) and Voronoi hold better characteristics for their application in BTE. Voronoi designs exhibit exceptional randomness whereas TPMS structures feature high permeability with continuous surfaces. Topology optimized and gradient models exhibited superior physical and mechanical properties compared to uniform lattices. Future research should focus on the development of novel biomaterials, multi-material printing, assessing long-term impacts, and enhancing 3D printing technologies.

骨组织工程增材制造的进展:材料、设计策略和应用。
每年对骨移植和人工种植体的需求不断增长,强调需要有效的解决方案来修复或替换受伤的骨骼。增材制造技术为推进骨组织工程(BTE)提供了独特的优点,可以创建具有定制形状和设计的支架和植入物,相互连接的结构,控制机械性能和成分,并扩大其应用范围。它克服了静电纺丝、盐浸、冷冻干燥、溶剂铸造等传统制造方法的局限性。本文重点介绍了增材制造技术及其在BTE中的应用,以及材料和支架结构,以扩大生物医学领域的潜力。选择最佳的BTE打印方法需要仔细考虑对降解,强度和生物相容性的需求的优点和缺点。材料挤压和粉末床熔融技术是BTE中应用最广泛的增材制造工艺。综合分析还表明,参数化设计如三周期最小表面(TPMS)和Voronoi在BTE中具有更好的应用特性。Voronoi设计表现出特殊的随机性,而TPMS结构具有连续表面的高渗透性。与均匀晶格相比,拓扑优化模型和梯度模型表现出优越的物理力学性能。未来的研究应集中在开发新型生物材料、多材料打印、评估长期影响以及提高3D打印技术。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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