Where and How: Stone Tool Sites of the Endangered Sapajus flavius in a Caatinga Environment in Northeastern Brazil

IF 2 3区 生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY
Maria Gabriella Rufino, José Jucimário da Silva, João Pedro Souza-Alves
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Abstract

The blonde capuchin monkey (Sapajus flavius) was, until a few years ago, an endemic primate of the Atlantic Forest. Today, populations inhabit the Caatinga dry forest and these have been documented using stone tools to access encased foods. It is important to know the distribution of these sites and the characteristics of the stone tools to inform conservation actions for this primate in the Caatinga. To this end, we identified and characterized stone tool sites used by a group of blonde capuchin monkeys in the Caatinga dry forest of northeastern Brazil. For 8 months, we walked two pre-existing trails to georeference the stone tool use sites, to measure the dimensions and weight of the anvils and hammerstones, and to identify the food items processed at the sites. A total of 215 anvils and 247 hammerstones were mapped. The anvils were significantly longer than the hammerstones, while there was no difference in width. Most food remains found on the anvils were old (n = 101; 91%). Cnidoscolus quercifolius (n = 85; 77.3%) and Prunus dulcis (n = 25; 22.7%) were most common among the plant species found on the anvils. The width, thickness, and weight of hammerstones used to crack fruits of P. dulcis were significantly greater than those used to crack C. quercifolius. These results should be used as a baseline for the development of conservation actions for the species and habitat.

Abstract Image

地点和方式:巴西东北部Caatinga环境中濒临灭绝的黄Sapajus的石器遗址。
直到几年前,金发卷尾猴(Sapajus flavius)还是大西洋森林的一种特有灵长类动物。今天,人们居住在卡廷加干燥森林,有记录表明他们使用石器来获取包裹的食物。了解这些遗址的分布和石制工具的特征对保护卡廷加地区这种灵长类动物具有重要意义。为此,我们在巴西东北部的Caatinga干燥森林中鉴定并描述了一群金发卷尾猴使用的石器遗址。在8个月的时间里,我们走了两条预先存在的小径,对石器工具使用地点进行了地理参考,测量了铁砧和锤石的尺寸和重量,并确定了在这些地点加工的食物。总共绘制了215个铁砧和247个锤石。铁砧明显长于锤石,但宽度没有差异。在铁砧上发现的大多数食物残留物都很古老(n = 101;91%)。槲皮针孔虫(n = 85;77.3%)和桃李(n = 25;(22.7%)是砧上最常见的植物种类。锤石的宽度、厚度和重量均显著大于锤石的宽度、厚度和重量。这些结果应作为制定物种和生境保护行动的基准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
8.30%
发文量
103
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The objective of the American Journal of Primatology is to provide a forum for the exchange of ideas and findings among primatologists and to convey our increasing understanding of this order of animals to specialists and interested readers alike. Primatology is an unusual science in that its practitioners work in a wide variety of departments and institutions, live in countries throughout the world, and carry out a vast range of research procedures. Whether we are anthropologists, psychologists, biologists, or medical researchers, whether we live in Japan, Kenya, Brazil, or the United States, whether we conduct naturalistic observations in the field or experiments in the lab, we are united in our goal of better understanding primates. Our studies of nonhuman primates are of interest to scientists in many other disciplines ranging from entomology to sociology.
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