Phytosulfokine downregulates defense-related WRKY transcription factors and attenuates pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity

IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES
Dian Liu, Joanna Jelenska, Jessica M. Morgan, Jean T. Greenberg
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Abstract

Phytosulfokine (PSK) is a plant growth-promoting peptide hormone that is perceived by its cell surface receptors PSKR1 and PSKR2 in Arabidopsis. Plants lacking the PSK receptors show phenotypes consistent with PSK signaling repressing some plant defenses. To gain further insight into the PSK signaling mechanism, comprehensive transcriptional profiling of Arabidopsis treated with PSK was performed, and the effects of PSK treatment on plant defense readouts were monitored. Our study indicates that PSK's major effect is to downregulate defense-related genes; it has a more modest effect on the induction of growth-related genes. WRKY transcription factors (TFs) emerged as key regulators of PSK-responsive genes, sharing commonality with a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) responses, flagellin 22 (flg22), but exhibiting opposite regulatory directions. These PSK-induced transcriptional changes were accompanied by biochemical and physiological changes that reduced PAMP responses, notably mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK) phosphorylation (previously implicated in WRKY activation) and the cell wall modification of callose deposition. Comparison with previous studies using other growth stimuli (the sulfated plant peptide containing sulfated tyrosine [PSY] and Pseudomonas simiae strain WCS417) also reveals WRKY TFs' overrepresentations in these pathways, suggesting a possible shared mechanism involving WRKY TFs for plant growth–defense trade-off.

Abstract Image

植物磺胺酮下调防御相关的WRKY转录因子并减弱病原体相关的分子模式触发的免疫。
植物硫代激素(Phytosulfokine, PSK)是一种促进植物生长的肽激素,由拟南芥细胞表面受体PSKR1和PSKR2感知。缺乏PSK受体的植物表现出与PSK信号抑制某些植物防御一致的表型。为了进一步了解PSK信号传导机制,研究人员对经PSK处理的拟南芥进行了全面的转录分析,并监测了PSK处理对植物防御读数的影响。我们的研究表明PSK的主要作用是下调防御相关基因;它对生长相关基因的诱导作用较弱。WRKY转录因子(TFs)是psk应答基因的关键调控因子,与病原体相关分子模式(PAMP)反应,鞭毛蛋白22 (flg22)具有共性,但表现出相反的调控方向。这些psk诱导的转录变化伴随着降低PAMP反应的生化和生理变化,特别是丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MPK)磷酸化(先前与WRKY激活有关)和胼胝质沉积的细胞壁修饰。与先前使用其他生长刺激物(含巯基酪氨酸的硫酸盐植物肽[PSY]和类似假单胞菌菌株WCS417)的研究相比,也揭示了WRKY TFs在这些途径中的过度表达,表明WRKY TFs可能参与植物生长-防御权衡的共同机制。
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来源期刊
The Plant Journal
The Plant Journal 生物-植物科学
CiteScore
13.10
自引率
4.20%
发文量
415
审稿时长
2.3 months
期刊介绍: Publishing the best original research papers in all key areas of modern plant biology from the world"s leading laboratories, The Plant Journal provides a dynamic forum for this ever growing international research community. Plant science research is now at the forefront of research in the biological sciences, with breakthroughs in our understanding of fundamental processes in plants matching those in other organisms. The impact of molecular genetics and the availability of model and crop species can be seen in all aspects of plant biology. For publication in The Plant Journal the research must provide a highly significant new contribution to our understanding of plants and be of general interest to the plant science community.
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