{"title":"The Non-Equilibrium Temperature Beyond Local Equilibrium Assumption","authors":"Zheng-Chuan Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10773-024-05846-x","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We propose a non-equilibrium temperature for the particles transporting through its surroundings, which is expressed by the distribution function of a temperature dependent Vlasov equation, where we haven’t adopted the local equilibrium hypothesis but introduced a equilibrium temperature by the surroundings. A temperature dependent damping force and a inverse damping relaxation time are obtained based on the Vlasov equation, which can be regarded as corrections on the external force and the relaxation time of transport procedure. The relation between the non-equilibrium temperature of transport particles and the equilibrium temperature of surroundings is established, too. There exist heat transfer between the transport particles out of equilibrium and the surroundings in equilibrium. Finally, we illustrate them by a system of one-dimensional charge transport.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"63 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10773-024-05846-x","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
We propose a non-equilibrium temperature for the particles transporting through its surroundings, which is expressed by the distribution function of a temperature dependent Vlasov equation, where we haven’t adopted the local equilibrium hypothesis but introduced a equilibrium temperature by the surroundings. A temperature dependent damping force and a inverse damping relaxation time are obtained based on the Vlasov equation, which can be regarded as corrections on the external force and the relaxation time of transport procedure. The relation between the non-equilibrium temperature of transport particles and the equilibrium temperature of surroundings is established, too. There exist heat transfer between the transport particles out of equilibrium and the surroundings in equilibrium. Finally, we illustrate them by a system of one-dimensional charge transport.
期刊介绍:
International Journal of Theoretical Physics publishes original research and reviews in theoretical physics and neighboring fields. Dedicated to the unification of the latest physics research, this journal seeks to map the direction of future research by original work in traditional physics like general relativity, quantum theory with relativistic quantum field theory,as used in particle physics, and by fresh inquiry into quantum measurement theory, and other similarly fundamental areas, e.g. quantum geometry and quantum logic, etc.