Evidence of natural lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) infection and genetic characterization of LSDV strains from water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in India

IF 2.5 4区医学 Q3 VIROLOGY

Archives of Virology Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI:10.1007/s00705-024-06193-2

Shashi Bhushan Sudhakar, Niranjan Mishra, Semmannan Kalaiyarasu, Rangnath Puri, Pravinkumar Ghule, Falguni Agarwal, Ajay Mustare, Sanjay J. Pawar, Yahaya Khan Pathan, Aniket Sanyal

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Abstract

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) has emerged as a threat to cattle production in Asia, and India has been facing LSD epidemics since 2019. Although water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is susceptible to natural LSDV infection, there have been no confirmed reports of LSDV infection in water buffalo in India. In this study, we investigated suspected cases of LSD in water buffaloes from 12 Indian states and one union territory during 2020–2023. Buffaloes showed mild to moderate clinical disease with fever and nodular skin lesions, but most remained asymptomatic. Eighteen of 177 (10.18%) buffaloes in 12 districts in three states tested positive for LSDV by real-time PCR, while 22 of 57 (38.59%) from nine districts in six states tested positive for LSDV-neutralizing antibodies, demonstrating the prevalence of LSDV infection in buffaloes over a wider geographic area. Successful virus isolation and nucleotide sequencing confirmed natural LSDV infection in buffaloes. Phylogenetic analysis of complete GPCR, RPO30, and EEV gene sequences revealed the presence of wild-type strains of two divergent LSDV lineages (1.2.1 and 1.2.2) in buffaloes. The 1.2.2 strains were closely related to the dominant LSDV strain (subcluster 1.2.2, KSGP-like) circulating in India, while the 1.2.1 strains clustered with strains from the Middle East, Europe, and the Balkans, confirming that there have been multiple introductions of LSDV into India. The detection of viruses with identical sequences in buffaloes and local cattle implied that the LSDV strain found in buffaloes is probably of cattle origin. We also found evidence of cocirculation of LSDV 1.2.1 and 1.2.2 wild-type strains in the same area, highlighting the importance of LSDV surveillance and genetic analysis. This is the first confirmed report of natural LSDV infection in water buffaloes in India. Further investigations are needed to assess the impact of LSDV infection in buffalo production and the role of buffalo in LSD epidemiology.

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印度水牛（Bubalus bubalis）天然肿块性皮肤病病毒（LSDV）感染的证据和LSDV菌株的遗传特征

肿块性皮肤病（LSD）已成为亚洲牛生产的威胁，自2019年以来，印度一直面临LSD流行病。虽然水牛（Bubalus bubalis）易受自然LSDV感染，但在印度还没有水牛感染LSDV的确诊报告。在这项研究中，我们调查了2020-2023年间印度12个邦和一个联邦领土的水牛中LSD的疑似病例。水牛表现为轻至中度临床疾病，伴有发热和结节性皮肤病变，但大多数仍无症状。3个州12个区的177头水牛中有18头（10.18%）检测出LSDV阳性，而6个州9个区的57头水牛中有22头（38.59%）检测出LSDV中和抗体阳性，这表明LSDV感染在更广泛的地理区域内流行。成功的病毒分离和核苷酸测序证实水牛自然感染LSDV。GPCR、RPO30和EEV基因全序列的系统发育分析显示，水牛中存在两个LSDV分化谱系（1.2.1和1.2.2）的野生型菌株。1.2.2型毒株与印度流行的LSDV优势毒株（亚群1.2.2，类似ksgp）密切相关，而1.2.1型毒株与来自中东、欧洲和巴尔干地区的毒株聚集，证实LSDV曾多次传入印度。在水牛和当地牛中检测到具有相同序列的病毒，这意味着在水牛中发现的LSDV毒株可能来自牛。我们还发现了LSDV 1.2.1和1.2.2野生型菌株在同一地区共循环的证据，突出了LSDV监测和遗传分析的重要性。这是印度首次确认水牛自然感染LSDV的报告。需要进一步调查来评估LSDV感染对水牛生产的影响以及水牛在LSD流行病学中的作用。

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来源期刊

Archives of Virology 医学-病毒学

CiteScore

5.10

自引率

7.40%

发文量

324

审稿时长

4.5 months

期刊介绍： Archives of Virology publishes original contributions from all branches of research on viruses, virus-like agents, and virus infections of humans, animals, plants, insects, and bacteria. Coverage spans a broad spectrum of topics, from descriptions of newly discovered viruses, to studies of virus structure, composition, and genetics, to studies of virus interactions with host cells, organisms and populations. Studies employ molecular biologic, molecular genetics, and current immunologic and epidemiologic approaches. Contents include studies on the molecular pathogenesis, pathophysiology, and genetics of virus infections in individual hosts, and studies on the molecular epidemiology of virus infections in populations. Also included are studies involving applied research such as diagnostic technology development, monoclonal antibody panel development, vaccine development, and antiviral drug development.Archives of Virology wishes to publish obituaries of recently deceased well-known virologists and leading figures in virology.