DNA Reaction Network Central Controller for Dynamic Spatiotemporal Logical Assembly and Its Application for Rational Design of Fluorometric/Electrical Biosensing

Abstract

This work introduces a fluorometric/electrical dual-biosensing logic system based on a DNA reaction network (DRN). This system was used to spatiotemporally modulate the kinetic behavior of DNA nanostructures. The system, acting as a programmable and modulative central controller introduced to implement, enabled the monitoring of the target gliotoxin. The DRN encompasses multiple pathways and provides a potential mechanistic way to develop dynamic networks that can evolve under directional controllable conditions. We demonstrated the implementation of a DRN to control the assembly and disassembly of a DNA conveyor belt. By exposing the responsive switches of the DNA conveyor belt, the DRN activates the operation of fluorescent DNA-driving axes based on the aggregation-induced emission effect, enabling signal generation and collection through continuous rolling on the surface of the DNA conveyor belt. The biosensor was employed to monitor gliotoxin, and under optimal conditions, dual-signal detection was achieved at 1.14 × 10^–7 and 2.45 × 10^–7 μg·mL^–1. The biosensor was integrated with a handheld electrochemical workstation, which enabled the successful monitoring of gliotoxin. This strategy enables self-tuning control and the multilayer hierarchical assembly of kinetic behaviors and is applicable to diverse fields such as biometric systems, medical diagnosis, and logic computing.