Water–saving irrigation combined with N–loaded clinoptilolite enhances nutrient yield, and water productivity by improving rice root characteristics: A combined PCA–SEM analysis

IF 5.9 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY
Yang Sun, Qi Wu, Daocai Chi, Hongyang Chen, Suyun Zhu, Qingliang Liu
{"title":"Water–saving irrigation combined with N–loaded clinoptilolite enhances nutrient yield, and water productivity by improving rice root characteristics: A combined PCA–SEM analysis","authors":"Yang Sun, Qi Wu, Daocai Chi, Hongyang Chen, Suyun Zhu, Qingliang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109203","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen (N) –loaded clinoptilolite is renowned for its high–water retention and nutrient supplementation properties, which benefit crop growth. However, its combined effects with water–saving irrigation regime on N mineralization, root system characteristics, and nutrient yield, particularly their regulatory pathways, remain underexplored. This two–year split–plot experiment evaluated the impact of two irrigation regimes (I<ce:inf loc=\"post\">CF</ce:inf>: continuous flooding irrigation; I<ce:inf loc=\"post\">AWD</ce:inf>: alternate wet–dry irrigation) and two rates of N–loaded clinoptilolite (NZ<ce:inf loc=\"post\">0</ce:inf>: no N–loaded clinoptilolite; NZ<ce:inf loc=\"post\">10</ce:inf>: 10 t·ha<ce:sup loc=\"post\">–1</ce:sup>) on root characteristics, mineralized N, nutrient yield, and water productivity. We employed principal component analysis (PCA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the interactions among the factors. The I<ce:inf loc=\"post\">AWD</ce:inf>NZ<ce:inf loc=\"post\">10</ce:inf> treatment showed the greatest water–saving potential, increasing the irrigated area by 0.29–fold compared to I<ce:inf loc=\"post\">CF</ce:inf>NZ<ce:inf loc=\"post\">0</ce:inf>. N–loaded clinoptilolite under I<ce:inf loc=\"post\">AWD</ce:inf> increased root surface area by 12.6 %, average root diameter by 14.2 %, and root volume by 13.8 %. Additionally, I<ce:inf loc=\"post\">AWD</ce:inf> increased mineralized N by 22.4 %, while N–loaded clinoptilolite further boosted it by 34.7 %. Root characteristics (r = 0.78) were crucial mediators in the effect of N–loaded clinoptilolite on protein (r = 0.64) and amylose nutritional yield (r = 0.68). Water usage influenced protein (r = -0.93) and amylose nutritional water productivity (r =-0.67) indirectly via chalky rice rate (r =0.90). In summary, integrating N–loaded clinoptilolite with the I<ce:inf loc=\"post\">AWD</ce:inf> regime not only enhanced rice root characteristics and mineralized N but also led to substantial increases in nutrient yield and water productivity. These findings underscore the potential for N–loaded clinoptilolite to be adopted as a key component in sustainable agricultural practices, offering a pathway to optimize resource use, reduce environmental impact, and improve crop productivity in water–limited regions.","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"230 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Agricultural Water Management","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109203","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"AGRONOMY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Nitrogen (N) –loaded clinoptilolite is renowned for its high–water retention and nutrient supplementation properties, which benefit crop growth. However, its combined effects with water–saving irrigation regime on N mineralization, root system characteristics, and nutrient yield, particularly their regulatory pathways, remain underexplored. This two–year split–plot experiment evaluated the impact of two irrigation regimes (ICF: continuous flooding irrigation; IAWD: alternate wet–dry irrigation) and two rates of N–loaded clinoptilolite (NZ0: no N–loaded clinoptilolite; NZ10: 10 t·ha–1) on root characteristics, mineralized N, nutrient yield, and water productivity. We employed principal component analysis (PCA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the interactions among the factors. The IAWDNZ10 treatment showed the greatest water–saving potential, increasing the irrigated area by 0.29–fold compared to ICFNZ0. N–loaded clinoptilolite under IAWD increased root surface area by 12.6 %, average root diameter by 14.2 %, and root volume by 13.8 %. Additionally, IAWD increased mineralized N by 22.4 %, while N–loaded clinoptilolite further boosted it by 34.7 %. Root characteristics (r = 0.78) were crucial mediators in the effect of N–loaded clinoptilolite on protein (r = 0.64) and amylose nutritional yield (r = 0.68). Water usage influenced protein (r = -0.93) and amylose nutritional water productivity (r =-0.67) indirectly via chalky rice rate (r =0.90). In summary, integrating N–loaded clinoptilolite with the IAWD regime not only enhanced rice root characteristics and mineralized N but also led to substantial increases in nutrient yield and water productivity. These findings underscore the potential for N–loaded clinoptilolite to be adopted as a key component in sustainable agricultural practices, offering a pathway to optimize resource use, reduce environmental impact, and improve crop productivity in water–limited regions.
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Agricultural Water Management
Agricultural Water Management 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
12.10
自引率
14.90%
发文量
648
审稿时长
4.9 months
期刊介绍: Agricultural Water Management publishes papers of international significance relating to the science, economics, and policy of agricultural water management. In all cases, manuscripts must address implications and provide insight regarding agricultural water management.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信