A Critical Review of an Environmental Risk Substance Induced by Aging Microplastics: Insights into Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals

IF 10.8 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL
Linyang Xie, Kecheng Zhu, Na Chen, Yongxi Deng, Wenjun Jiang, Hanzhong Jia
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Abstract

Microplastics (MPs), as an emerging contaminants category, can undergo complex aging in a variety of environmental matrices in which the chemical bonds of polymer molecules can be broken to form free radicals. While the existence of free radicals in aged plastics has been known for over half a century, only recently has significant research on a new type of environmentally risky substance, namely environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs), present in aged MPs and their environmental effects, been started, but it is still in its infancy. To address these issues, this work examines EPFR generation on MPs and their environmental effect by reviewing publications from 2012 to 2023. The aging processes and mechanisms of MPs in the environment are first summarized. Then, the occurrence and formation mechanisms of EPFRs on aged MPs are specifically discussed. Additionally, the reactivity of EPFRs on aging MPs and their influencing factors are comprehensively considered, such as their physicochemical properties, oxygen content, and coexisting substances. Due to their reactivity, EPFRs can interact directly with some substances (e.g., p-nitrophenol and proteins, etc.) or induce the generation of reactive oxygen species, leading to diverse environmental effects, including pollutant transformation, biotoxicity, and health risks. Finally, research challenges and perspectives for EPFRs formation on aging MPs and related environmental implications are presented. Given the environmental fate and risk of MPs-EPFRs, our urgent call for a better understanding of the potential hazards of aged MPs is to help develop a sustainable path for plastics management.

Abstract Image

微塑料(MPs)作为一种新出现的污染物,可在各种环境基质中经历复杂的老化过程,其中聚合物分子的化学键会断裂形成自由基。虽然人们知道老化塑料中存在自由基已有半个多世纪,但直到最近才开始对老化塑料中存在的一种新型环境风险物质(即环境持久性自由基(EPFR))及其环境影响进行大量研究,但目前仍处于起步阶段。为了解决这些问题,本研究通过回顾 2012 年至 2023 年间的文献,对 MPs 中 EPFR 的产生及其环境效应进行了研究。首先总结了环境中 MPs 的老化过程和机制。然后,具体讨论了老化 MPs 上 EPFR 的发生和形成机制。此外,还综合考虑了 EPFRs 在老化 MPs 上的反应性及其影响因素,如其物理化学性质、含氧量和共存物质等。由于其反应性,EPFRs 可直接与某些物质(如对硝基苯酚和蛋白质等)相互作用,或诱导生成活性氧,从而导致多种环境效应,包括污染物转化、生物毒性和健康风险。最后,介绍了老化 MPs EPFRs 形成的研究挑战和前景以及相关的环境影响。鉴于 MPs-EPFRs 的环境归宿和风险,我们迫切呼吁更好地了解老化 MPs 的潜在危害,以帮助开发一条可持续的塑料管理之路。
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来源期刊
环境科学与技术
环境科学与技术 环境科学-工程:环境
CiteScore
17.50
自引率
9.60%
发文量
12359
审稿时长
2.8 months
期刊介绍: Environmental Science & Technology (ES&T) is a co-sponsored academic and technical magazine by the Hubei Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau and the Hubei Provincial Academy of Environmental Sciences. Environmental Science & Technology (ES&T) holds the status of Chinese core journals, scientific papers source journals of China, Chinese Science Citation Database source journals, and Chinese Academic Journal Comprehensive Evaluation Database source journals. This publication focuses on the academic field of environmental protection, featuring articles related to environmental protection and technical advancements.
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