Physical-mechanical, chemical and biological properties of graphene-reinforced glass ionomer cements.

Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Pub Date : 2024-10-10 eCollection Date: 2024-11-01 DOI:10.5395/rde.2024.49.e37

Tatiane Ramos Dos Santos Jordão, Laura Soares Viana Fernandes, Karla Lorene de França Leite, Adílis Alexandria, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva, Lucianne Cople Maia, Tatiana Kelly da Silva Fidalgo

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Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the physical-mechanical, chemical, and biological properties of graphene-reinforced glass ionomer cements (GICs).

Materials and methods: Different proportions of graphene powder were incorporated into 2 high-viscosity self-curing GIC, Ketac Molar (G_Ketac) and Fuji IX (G_Fuji), in 4 different concentrations: 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 5%. The control groups included the GICs without graphene. Experiments were performed to analyze linear (Ra) and volumetric roughness (Sa), antimicrobial activity, radiopacity, fluoride release, microhardness, solubility, and water sorption. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, analysis of variance, and Tukey's test (p ≤ 0.05).

Results: The G_Ketac 0% and G_Fuji0% groups presented higher Ra (4.05 and 2.72) and Sa (4.76 and 5.16), respectively. No inhibition zone was observed, and the incorporation of graphene reduced radiopacity. Moreover, there was no influence on the solubility and water sorption after 21 days. A greater fluoride release was observed in the period of 7 days for most of the groups. After 21 days, G_Ketac 5%, 2%, and 1% presented higher releasing than 0% and 0.5% (p ≤ 0.05).

Conclusions: The graphene incorporation improved the microhardness of GICs in lower concentrations. Graphene incorporation to GICs modified some physical-mechanical, and chemical, but not affected biological properties.

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研究目的本研究旨在评估石墨烯增强玻璃离子水门汀（GIC）的物理机械、化学和生物特性：将不同比例的石墨烯粉末以 4 种不同的浓度添加到两种高粘度自固化 GIC 中：Ketac Molar (GKetac) 和 Fuji IX (GFuji)：浓度分别为 0.5%、1%、2% 和 5%。对照组包括不含石墨烯的 GIC。实验分析了线性粗糙度（Ra）和体积粗糙度（Sa）、抗菌活性、不透射线性、氟释放、微硬度、溶解性和吸水性。数据分析采用 Kruskal-Wallis、Mann-Whitney、Wilcoxon、方差分析和 Tukey 检验（P ≤ 0.05）：GKetac 0% 组和 GFuji0% 组的 Ra（4.05 和 2.72）和 Sa（4.76 和 5.16）分别较高。没有观察到抑制区，石墨烯的加入降低了辐射能力。此外，21 天后对溶解性和水吸附性也没有影响。大多数组别在 7 天内的氟释放量较大。21 天后，GKetac 5%、2% 和 1% 的释放量高于 0% 和 0.5%（p ≤ 0.05）：结论：石墨烯的加入改善了低浓度 GIC 的微硬度。石墨烯的加入改变了 GICs 的一些物理-机械和化学特性，但没有影响生物特性。

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