Myonuclear and satellite cell content of the vastus lateralis and soleus with 70 days of simulated microgravity and the NASA SPRINT exercise program.

IF 3.3 3区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY
Journal of applied physiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-10 DOI:10.1152/japplphysiol.00468.2024
Chad M Skiles, Gerard Boyd, Aaron Gouw, Ethan Robbins, Kiril Minchev, Jeffrey Ryder, Lori Ploutz-Snyder, Todd A Trappe, Scott Trappe
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

We previously observed a range of whole muscle and individual slow and fast myofiber size responses (mean: +4 to -24%) in quadriceps (vastus lateralis) and triceps surae (soleus) muscles of individuals undergoing 70 days of simulated microgravity with or without the NASA SPRINT exercise countermeasures program. The purpose of the current investigation was to further explore, in these same individuals, the content of myonuclei and satellite cells, both of which are key regulators of skeletal muscle mass. Individuals completed 6° head-down-tilt bedrest (BR, n = 9), bedrest with resistance and aerobic exercise (BRE, n = 9), or bedrest with resistance and aerobic exercise and low-dose testosterone (BRE + T, n = 8). The number of myonuclei and satellite cells associated with each slow [myosin heavy chain (MHC) I] and fast (MHC IIa) myofiber in the vastus lateralis was not changed (P > 0.05) pre- to postbedrest within the BR, BRE, or BRE + T groups. Similarly, in the soleus, the number of myonuclei associated with each slow and fast myofiber, and the number of satellite cells associated with each slow myofiber were not changed (P > 0.05) pre- to postbedrest within the BR, BRE, or BRE + T groups. It appears that even with relatively large perturbations in muscle mass over a few months of simulated microgravity, or with partially or completely effective exercise countermeasures, human skeletal muscle tightly regulates the abundance of myonuclei and satellite cells. Thus, exercise countermeasures efficacy for skeletal muscle atrophy appears to be independent of myonuclei and satellite cell abundance.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study showed that after 70 days of simulated microgravity, human skeletal muscle does not alter the number of nuclei or satellite cells associated with slow or fast myofibers in the two muscle groups most negatively influenced by microgravity exposure [i.e., quadriceps (vastus lateralis) and triceps surae (soleus)]. Furthermore, the efficacy of exercise countermeasures for maintaining the mass of these muscles does not appear to be related to the myocellular content of nuclei or satellite cells.

在70天的模拟微重力和NASA SPRINT运动计划下,我的股外侧肌和比目鱼肌的核和卫星细胞含量。
此前,我们曾观察到在美国宇航局 SPRINT 运动对策项目中接受或不接受 70 天模拟微重力训练的个体,其股四头肌(侧阔肌)和股三头肌(比目鱼肌)的整体肌肉以及单个慢速和快速肌纤维的大小反应范围(平均:+4% 至 -24%)。本次调查的目的是进一步探究这些人体内肌核和卫星细胞的含量,这两种细胞都是骨骼肌质量的关键调节因子。研究人员分别进行了头下倾 6° 卧床休息(BR,9 人)、阻力和有氧运动卧床休息(BRE,9 人)或阻力和有氧运动及低剂量睾酮卧床休息(BRE+T,8 人)。卧床前与卧床后,在BR组、BRE组或BRE+T组中,阔筋膜上每条慢肌(肌球蛋白重链(MHC)I)和快肌(MHC IIa)肌纤维相关的肌核和卫星细胞数量没有变化(P>0.05)。同样,在比目鱼肌中,与每个慢肌纤维和快肌纤维相关的肌核数量,以及与每个慢肌纤维相关的卫星细胞数量,在卧床前和卧床后,BR、BRE 或 BRE+T 组均无变化(P>0.05)。由此看来,即使在几个月的模拟微重力条件下肌肉质量受到相对较大的扰动,或者采取了部分或完全有效的运动对策,人体骨骼肌也能严格调节肌核和卫星细胞的丰度。因此,运动对策对骨骼肌萎缩的疗效似乎与肌核和卫星细胞的丰度无关。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.00
自引率
9.10%
发文量
296
审稿时长
2-4 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Applied Physiology publishes the highest quality original research and reviews that examine novel adaptive and integrative physiological mechanisms in humans and animals that advance the field. The journal encourages the submission of manuscripts that examine the acute and adaptive responses of various organs, tissues, cells and/or molecular pathways to environmental, physiological and/or pathophysiological stressors. As an applied physiology journal, topics of interest are not limited to a particular organ system. The journal, therefore, considers a wide array of integrative and translational research topics examining the mechanisms involved in disease processes and mitigation strategies, as well as the promotion of health and well-being throughout the lifespan. Priority is given to manuscripts that provide mechanistic insight deemed to exert an impact on the field.
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