Synthesis of porous carbon xerogel adsorbents with tailored hierarchical porosity and morphology for the selective removal of sulfamethoxazole from water

IF 5.8 3区 环境科学与生态学 0 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Uziel Ortiz-Ramos, Esther Bailón-García, Agustín Francisco Pérez-Cadenas, Roberto Leyva-Ramos, Francisco Carrasco-Marín
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Abstract

In this work, pellet-type carbon xerogel adsorbents (CXCs) were synthesized through sol–gel polymerization of resorcinol (R) and formaldehyde (F) using Cs2CO3 (Cs) as a catalyst for the removal of sulfamethoxazole (SMX), a hazardous water pollutant. The R/Cs ratio was varied at 100, 500, 1000, and 2000 (denoted CXCs100, CXCs500, CXCs1000, and CXCs2000), resulting in CXCs with a well-defined hierarchical porous structure composed of interconnected spherical particles. Increasing the R/Cs ratio led to larger spherical particle sizes, with pore diameters ranging from 60.7 to 126.6 nm, providing accessible and low flow resistance macroporosity. The maximum adsorption capacity was achieved in the CXCs100 sample (87.8 mg/g), which decreased with increasing R/Cs ratios due to a reduction in total pore volume and meso and macropore areas, indicating that adsorption occurred in macropores and wide mesopores, driven by π-π dispersive interactions. CXCs500 emerged as the optimal adsorbent, with a favorable adsorption capacity (72.0 mg/g) and adequate rigidity (315.9 MPa) to prevent adsorbent breakdown. The adsorption capacity decreased with increasing pH due to electrostatic interactions, and increased with temperature, indicating an endothermic process.

Graphical Abstract

Abstract Image

多孔碳干凝胶吸附剂的合成,具有定制的分层孔隙度和形态,用于从水中选择性去除磺胺甲恶唑。
本文以Cs2CO3 (Cs)为催化剂,通过间苯二酚(R)和甲醛(F)的溶胶-凝胶聚合合成了颗粒型碳干凝胶吸附剂(CXCs),用于去除有害的水污染物磺胺甲恶唑(SMX)。R/Cs比在100、500、1000和2000(分别表示为CXCs100、CXCs500、CXCs1000和CXCs2000)时发生变化,使得CXCs具有由相互连接的球形颗粒组成的明确的分层多孔结构。增大R/Cs比可使球形颗粒尺寸增大,孔径范围为60.7 ~ 126.6 nm,可获得低流动阻力的大孔隙。CXCs100样品的吸附量最大(87.8 mg/g),随着R/Cs比的增加,总孔容、介孔面积和大孔面积减小,吸附量减小,表明吸附发生在大孔和宽介孔中,由π-π色散相互作用驱动。结果表明,CXCs500吸附剂具有良好的吸附容量(72.0 mg/g)和足够的刚度(315.9 MPa),可防止吸附剂破裂。吸附量因静电作用而随pH的增加而降低,随温度的升高而增加,表明吸附过程为吸热过程。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
8.70
自引率
17.20%
发文量
6549
审稿时长
3.8 months
期刊介绍: Environmental Science and Pollution Research (ESPR) serves the international community in all areas of Environmental Science and related subjects with emphasis on chemical compounds. This includes: - Terrestrial Biology and Ecology - Aquatic Biology and Ecology - Atmospheric Chemistry - Environmental Microbiology/Biobased Energy Sources - Phytoremediation and Ecosystem Restoration - Environmental Analyses and Monitoring - Assessment of Risks and Interactions of Pollutants in the Environment - Conservation Biology and Sustainable Agriculture - Impact of Chemicals/Pollutants on Human and Animal Health It reports from a broad interdisciplinary outlook.
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