Iain L. C. Chapple, Josefine Hirschfeld, Paul Cockwell, Thomas Dietrich, Praveen Sharma
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Periodontitis is a ubiquitous chronic inflammatory disease affecting the supporting tissues of the teeth and is a major cause of multiple tooth loss. Despite being preventable, periodontitis and dental caries are responsible for more years lost to disability than any other human condition. The most severe form of periodontitis affects 1 billion individuals, and its prevalence is increasing globally. Periodontitis arises from a dysregulated and hyperactive inflammatory response to dysbiosis in the periodontal microbiome. This response has systemic effects associated with premature mortality and elevated risk of several systemic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including atheromatous cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD). This risk association between periodontitis and NCDs is independent of their shared common risk factors, suggesting that periodontitis is a non-traditional risk factor for NCDs such as CKD. As periodontitis progresses, the immune cells and mediators underpinning its pathophysiology leak into the systemic circulation through the ulcerated oral mucosal lining, inducing in a systemic inflammatory profile that closely mirrors that observed in patients with CKD. The relationship between periodontitis and CKD seems to be bi-directional, but large-scale intervention studies are required to clarify causality and could lead to new care pathways for managing each condition as an exposure for the other.
期刊介绍:
Nature Reviews Nephrology aims to be the premier source of reviews and commentaries for the scientific communities it serves.
It strives to publish authoritative, accessible articles.
Articles are enhanced with clearly understandable figures, tables, and other display items.
Nature Reviews Nephrology publishes Research Highlights, News & Views, Comments, Reviews, Perspectives, and Consensus Statements.
The content is relevant to nephrologists and basic science researchers.
The broad scope of the journal ensures that the work reaches the widest possible audience.