Free-Ranging Wolves (Canis lupus) are Natural Reservoirs of Intestinal Microeukaryotes of Public Health Significance in Southwestern Europe.

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health Pub Date : 2024-12-08 DOI:10.1111/zph.13202

Sheila Ortega, Ana M Figueiredo, Barbara Moroni, Nadia Abarca, Alejandro Dashti, Pamela C Köster, Begoña Bailo, David Cano-Terriza, Moisés Gonzálvez, Manena Fayos, Álvaro Oleaga, Carlos Martínez-Carrasco, Roser Velarde, Rita T Torres, Eduardo Ferreira, Dário Hipólito, Tânia Barros, Ana Lino, Serena Robetto, Luca Rossi, Gemma J Muñoz-de-Mier, Gabriel Ávalos, Rafael Calero-Bernal, David González-Barrio, Sergio Sánchez, Ignacio García-Bocanegra, David Carmena

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction: Intestinal microeukaryote parasites are major contributors to the burden of diarrhoea in humans and domestic animals, but their epidemiology in wildlife is not fully understood. We investigated the frequency, genetic diversity and zoonotic potential of protists of animal and public health significance in free-ranging grey wolf (Canis lupus) populations in south-western Europe.

Methods: Individually formed faecal samples collected from necropsied wolves or scat trails in Italy (n = 47), Portugal (n = 43) and Spain (n = 225) during the period 2011-2023 were retrospectively analysed using molecular (PCR and Sanger sequencing) methods. Complementary epidemiological data were gathered when available.

Results: Giardia duodenalis was the most frequent microeukaryote found (40.3%, 127/315; 95% CI: 34.9-46.0), followed by Cryptosporidium spp. (3.5%, 11/315; 95% CI: 1.8-6.2), Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon spp. (1.6%, 5/315; 95% CI: 0.5-3.7 each). Blastocystis was not identified in any of the faecal samples analysed. Sequence analyses confirmed the presence of canine-adapted assemblage D within G. duodenalis (n = 7). Three Cryptosporidium species were identified, namely canine-adapted C. canis (n = 9), zoonotic C. parvum (n = 1) and primarily anthroponotic C.hominis (n = 1). Genotyping tools enabled the identification of subtype family XXe2 within C. canis. Among microsporidia, the canine-adapted genotype PtEb IX was identified within E. bieneusi. Two samples were confirmed as Enc. intestinalis and three more as Enc. cuniculi genotype IV. This is the first record of Enc. intestinalis and Enc. cuniculi in the grey wolf globally.

Conclusions: Silent carriage of intestinal microeukaryotes seems common in free-ranging grey wolves in southwestern Europe. Wolves can contribute to environmental contamination through the transmission stages (cysts, oocysts, spores) of species/genotypes potentially infective to humans. Individuals in close contact with wolf carcasses or their faecal material may be at potential risk of infection by microeukaryotic pathogens.

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自由活动的狼（Canis lupus）是欧洲西南部具有公共卫生意义的肠道微真核细胞的天然贮藏库。

肠道微真核寄生虫是人类和家畜腹泻负担的主要贡献者，但其在野生动物中的流行病学尚不完全清楚。本研究调查了欧洲西南部自由放养的灰狼（Canis lupus）种群中原生生物的频率、遗传多样性和人畜共患潜力，对动物和公共卫生具有重要意义。方法：采用分子（PCR和Sanger测序）方法对2011-2023年期间在意大利（n = 47）、葡萄牙（n = 43）和西班牙（n = 225）采集的死狼或粪便痕迹中单独形成的粪便样本进行回顾性分析。如有补充流行病学数据，则收集。结果：十二指肠贾第虫是最常见的微真核生物(40.3%,127/315；95% CI: 34.9-46.0)，其次是隐孢子虫(3.5%,11/315；95% CI: 1.8-6.2)， bieneusenterocytozoon和encephalitzoon spp (1.6%, 5/315；95% CI：各0.5-3.7)。在分析的任何粪便样本中均未发现囊虫。序列分析证实G. duodenalis中存在犬适应组合D （n = 7）。共鉴定出3种隐孢子虫，分别为犬源性隐孢子虫（9种）、人畜共患小隐孢子虫（1种）和人源性隐孢子虫（1种）。基因分型工具鉴定了犬C. XXe2亚型家族。在微孢子虫中，在布氏伊梭菌中鉴定出犬适应基因型PtEb IX。2份样本被确认为无肠棘球绦虫，另外3份样本被确认为无肠棘球绦虫基因型IV型，这是全球首次在灰狼中记录到无肠棘球绦虫和无肠棘球绦虫。结论：在欧洲西南部自由放养的灰狼中，肠道微真核细胞的沉默携带似乎很常见。狼可以通过可能感染人类的物种/基因型的传播阶段（包囊、卵囊、孢子）造成环境污染。与狼尸体或其粪便密切接触的个体可能存在被微真核病原体感染的潜在风险。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Zoonoses and Public Health 医学-传染病学

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

4.20%

发文量

115

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Zoonoses and Public Health brings together veterinary and human health researchers and policy-makers by providing a venue for publishing integrated and global approaches to zoonoses and public health. The Editors will consider papers that focus on timely collaborative and multi-disciplinary research in zoonoses and public health. This journal provides rapid publication of original papers, reviews, and potential discussion papers embracing this collaborative spirit. Papers should advance the scientific knowledge of the sources, transmission, prevention and control of zoonoses and be authored by scientists with expertise in areas such as microbiology, virology, parasitology and epidemiology. Articles that incorporate recent data into new methods, applications, or approaches (e.g. statistical modeling) which enhance public health are strongly encouraged.